The role of integrated multidisciplinary treatment in oncology has been recognized by most scholars in oncology at home and abroad. The era of single-approach treatment for malignant tumors has passed. Integrated treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and biotherapy is one of the most active areas of research at present. Emphasis is placed on the planned and rational application of various existing multidisciplinary effective therapies according to the patient’s physical and mental condition, specific site of tumor, pathological type, invasion scope and developmental tendency, combined with changes in cellular molecular biology, to achieve the best therapeutic effect at the most appropriate economic cost, while maximizing the patient’s survival quality [1]. I. History, role and shortcomings of single-approach treatment Surgery has a long history in the treatment of tumors; in 1809 Dr. Ephraim McDowell removed an ovarian tumor from a woman and the patient survived for 39 years. 1890 Halsted published the radical surgery of typical breast cancer, which laid down the principle of surgical treatment of breast cancer and later became the common principle of radical surgery for many types of cancer. By the 1960s, the emphasis on prevention of recurrence began, and surgical oncology gradually distinguished itself from general surgery and became a highly academic specialty [2]. Surgical oncology is used for the prevention (excision of precancerous lesions), diagnosis (e.g. biopsy) and treatment of tumors. However, surgery is a local treatment and is only effective when the tumor is still confined to the site of origin and regional lymph nodes; however, many tumors already have distant microscopic or subclinical metastatic lesions at the time of clinical diagnosis and treatment, which are often the source of postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Radiation therapy is another major treatment for tumors. Following the discovery of X-ray and radium, Regard and Cowtard started to treat laryngeal cancer with deep X-ray and cervical cancer with radium in the 1920s. Later, radiation oncology continued to develop due to the improvement of radiation equipment and the understanding of the physical properties of radiation, as well as the promotion of radiobiology, oncology and other disciplines. Radiation therapy has good efficacy for nasopharyngeal cancer and cervical cancer, and has palliative effect for some advanced patients. However, radiation therapy is also a local treatment and cannot prevent the treatment of distant metastatic lesions. Chemotherapy began in the 1940s, and by the 1960s, most of the currently used chemotherapeutic agents had been discovered and the importance of tumor cell kinetics and chemotherapeutic drug pharmacokinetics began to be recognized, leading to the emergence of combination chemotherapy. As a result of the rapid development of the chemotherapy discipline, and became a specialized discipline in a branch of internal medicine – medical oncology, the first specialty examination in medical oncology and the issuance of a specialty certificate was conducted in the United States in 1972. At present, many cancers can be cured by chemotherapy: breast cancer, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, colorectal cancer can be cured after adjuvant chemotherapy; trophoblastic lobe cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, moderately to highly malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, testicular cancer, acute granulocytic leukemia, Wilm’s tumor, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing’s tumor, neuroblastoma, small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer and other advanced cancers. ovarian cancer and other advanced cancers can achieve cure after chemotherapy [3]. However, it is undeniable that some tumors are insensitive to chemotherapy or tumor resistance develops and leads to treatment failure. Biological therapy is a new therapy emerged in the 1980s, but it is still in the stage of experimental research and clinical trials, and still an adjuvant therapy. herceptin was marketed in 98 for the treatment of breast cancer with high HER2 expression, and Rituximab was marketed in 99 for the treatment of lymphoma with CD20(+). II. Basic principles of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment The multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment plan must be based on the principle that it can prolong the tumor-free survival and overall survival of the patient and improve the quality of life of the patient. Specifically, according to the patient’s clinical stage, pathological type, physical status, etc., the principles of local treatment and systemic treatment, survival rate and quality of survival, cost and effect, and individualization of the program should be achieved. III. Multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment plan Rational and planned comprehensive treatment has achieved better efficacy in a considerable number of tumors. The decision of which treatment to take first is based on basic principles when determining patient treatment. For some tumors, local control is relatively the main issue, such as skin cancer. In other tumors, such as choriocapillary epithelial carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and small cell lung cancer, local treatment cannot control and necessary systemic measures must be taken to achieve radical cure. Current comprehensive treatment modalities: 1. relatively limited tumors are operated first, and radiotherapy or chemotherapy is added later according to the surgery. 2.Later localized or regional metastasis can be treated by chemotherapy or radiotherapy first, and then surgery later. 3.Tumors with distant metastasis may be treated with chemotherapy first, and if necessary, surgery may be performed after chemotherapy. 4.The arrangement of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, most experts advocate chemotherapy first, or chemotherapy and radiotherapy simultaneously. Because of the vascular occlusion caused by fibrosis after radiotherapy, it is difficult for chemotherapy drugs to work. 5.Biological therapy: There is no data proving that biological therapy alone can cure advanced cancer, but it can be used as adjuvant to improve the cure rate of radiotherapy and chemotherapy and reduce toxic side effects.