Aortic coarctation is one of the more common and most complex and dangerous cardiovascular diseases, with an incidence of 50-100 per 100,000 people per year, and its incidence is on the rise as people’s life and dietary habits change. The natural prognosis of aortic coarctation is very poor, with a statistically reported mortality rate of 20% 15 minutes after onset. If left untreated and untreated, the mortality rate reaches 50% within the first 48 hours, and only 10% survive after 1 year, which is known as the “untimely bomb” in human body because it is so dangerous. In the 1980s, Hyman, the famous attacker of American women’s volleyball team, died suddenly on the game field because of aortic dissection. Therefore, timely diagnosis and proper treatment is the key to saving patients’ lives. The aorta is the thickest artery in the human body. After it emanates from the heart, it is called the thoracic aorta in the chest and the abdominal aorta when it reaches the abdomen, and the aorta consists of three layers of tissues close together, called the inner, middle and outer membranes. The so-called aortic coarctation is caused by various pathological factors that cause the aortic intima to tear, and gradually peel off under the impact of blood flow to form a coarctation, so that the aorta forms a “true cavity” and a “false cavity”, and blood flow enters the “false cavity” through the endothelial rupture. If the peeling is too severe or the pressure inside the “false lumen” is too high, the outer membrane of the aorta may expand in an aneurysmal manner, hence the name “aortic coarctation aneurysm”. Although aortic coarctation aneurysm has the title of “aneurysm”, it is actually very different from what we usually call “tumor”. A tumor is an abnormal proliferation of cells, often malignant, such as cancer, while an aortic coarctation aneurysm is caused by abnormal expansion of the artery, it is neither malignant nor benign tumor, but its rupture and death is more dangerous than any tumor — just like a river breaking its banks during flood season. The consequences are unimaginable, and the chance of successful resuscitation is very small, and death from hemorrhagic shock may occur within a few minutes. In addition, because the formation of aortic coarctation can affect the blood supply of important organs throughout the body, such as the heart, brain, and internal organs, it is also an important cause of death. The causes and manifestations of aortic coarctation Aortic coarctation mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 to 60 years old, and the ratio of men to women is about 3:1. The causes are complex, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, trauma, inflammation, genetic abnormalities, etc. Among them, hypertension and atherosclerosis are the most important, and they are the causes of most middle-aged and elderly patients. According to statistics, 80% to 90% of patients with a coarctation aneurysm have hypertension in combination, and generally have a history of hypertension for 10 to 15 years at the time of onset. The main symptom of aortic coarctation is sudden and severe chest pain or low back pain, accompanied by increased blood pressure, and the nature of the pain is tear-like or knife-like, and some may have difficulty in breathing and abdominal pain. Dizziness, confusion, syncope, and even coma may occur if the entrapment involves the head and arm stem vessels. In the general routine physical examination, patients with aortic coarctation may show a significant increase in blood pressure, usually up to 160 mmHg or more systolic blood pressure, and some patients may have a weakened or absent limb vascular pulsation and shock; chest X-ray examination may reveal a significant widening of the aortic shadow, and some patients may have a clear diagnosis by ultrasonography, and if CT scan of the aorta can be performed, it can better clarify the diagnosis of aortic coarctation. If CT scan of the aorta can be performed, it can better clarify the diagnosis of aortic coarctation and provide very important information for further interventional or surgical treatment. In order to develop a reasonable treatment strategy, aortic coarctation is often clinically classified into Standford type A and Standford type B according to the location of the aortic coarctation and the extent of the coarctation involvement. The head and arm trunk vessels are the most critical and high mortality type. These patients should be treated surgically as soon as the diagnosis is clear. Because of the complexity and difficulty of the procedure, it can only be performed in a few major hospitals in China. Type B clots, which begin in the descending aorta and extend distally, are generally less critical than type A clots, and most patients can be treated by interventional methods. Interventional treatment is performed by delivering a large vessel stent from the femoral artery to the endothelial rupture to close the aortic endothelial rupture and prevent blood flow from entering the “false lumen” through the rupture, thus achieving the purpose of closing or repairing the “false lumen”, which makes up for the fact that some patients have to undergo surgical intervention. This makes up for the disadvantage of the invasive nature of surgical procedures in some patients. Whether the treatment of aortic coarctation is medical, surgical or interventional, the treatment plan is tailored to each patient’s morbid characteristics. Some patients can undergo emergency or elective interventional or surgical procedures on the basis of medical sedation and pharmacological hypotension, and some patients can be treated with a combination of interventional and surgical hybrid procedures at the same time or in stages.