Rectal cancer and hemorrhoids are two very different diseases. Rectal cancer or anal canal cancer is a malignant tumor. Clinical manifestations are change in bowel habits, anal discomfort, a feeling of falling, blood in stool, abnormal shape of stool, abdominal distension and abdominal pain. Due to the similarity of the sites of hemorrhoids and rectal cancer, when some symptoms of rectal cancer and anal canal cancer cross or are atypical, the clinical diagnosis of the two is often confused, and incorrect diagnosis is not uncommon, diagnosing anorectal symptoms as hemorrhoids, which delays the treatment of rectal cancer. Another diagnostic error is that some rectal cancer with anal bleeding symptoms are misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids. Especially when the two coexist, the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids are satisfied after the examination reveals the presence of hemorrhoids, while a full and correct diagnosis cannot be arrived at for a long time. Many diagnostic errors can be prevented if patients with the initial impression of hemorrhoids are carefully questioned about their medical history and examined carefully. Outpatient clinics often meet patients whose rectal cancer is treated as hemorrhoids in lower hospitals, and the wrong diagnosis leads to delayed disease. Therefore, differential diagnosis is very important. Examination methods take finger palpation, proctoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, which can reveal hard nodular masses or ulcers on the intestinal wall, narrowing of the intestinal lumen, and blood and pus on the finger sleeve. Histological examination can confirm the diagnosis. barium enema X-ray is also very meaningful. For female patients, if the lesion is located in the anterior rectal wall, vaginal and pelvic examinations should be performed; for male patients with abnormal urination symptoms, urethra and bladder examinations should be performed to confirm whether the cancer has invaded these organs. In addition, ultrasound examination should be performed to note whether there is any swelling or ascites in the abdominal cavity and whether there are metastases in the liver. It is also necessary to pay attention to the enlargement of inguinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes and the metastases in the lungs. The best treatment for rectal cancer is surgery.