Cataract surgery includes extracapsular cataract extraction, intracapsular cataract extraction, etc. Currently, the most commonly used surgical procedure is ultrasonic emulsification cataract aspiration, and the routine operation steps are anesthesia, making a clear corneal tunnel incision, continuous circular tearing of the capsule, water separation, ultrasonic emulsification, removal of cortex, implantation of IOLs, and sealing of the incision with water. 1. Anesthesia: including transient anesthesia, retrobulbar anesthesia, peribulbar anesthesia, subfascial anesthesia, surface anesthesia, etc., depending on the surgical procedure. 2. Clear corneal tunnel incision: mostly one main incision and two side incisions. After the incision is made, viscoelastic agent is injected into the anterior chamber to maintain intraocular pressure and protect the corneal endothelium. 3. Successive circumferential tearing of the capsule: mostly with tearing forceps or capsule amputation needles, which requires a skillful technique of the surgical operator. 4. Aqueous separation: injecting liquid into the subcapsular membrane to separate the lens cortex from the capsular membrane. 5. Ultrasonic emulsification: including sculpting, grooving, loose nucleotomy, and nuclear division, etc. The lens is divided into several fragments, and the lens nucleus and most of the supranuclear cortical shell are aspirated. 6. Cortical removal: the remaining cortex is aspirated with a syringe needle, the posterior capsule is polished, and viscoelastic is injected into the capsular bag. 7. Implantation of IOL: Using a lens implant, the IOL is implanted into the capsular bag, the viscoelastic is aspirated with a suction tip, and the position of the lens is adjusted with an alignment hook. 8. Water-sealed incision: The closure of the transparent corneal incision can be either water-sealed or sutured, depending on the incision. Cataract patients should actively seek medical advice and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.