Geriatric schizophrenia includes chronic schizophrenia with early-onset schizophrenia that persists into old age and late-onset schizophrenia. Early-onset schizophrenia refers to schizophrenic patients with onset before the age of 45; late-onset schizophrenia refers to schizophrenic patients with onset after the age of 45. Late onset schizophrenia and early onset schizophrenia are both still taxonomically part of the disease unit schizophrenia, but are different: Etiology: 1. Biological factors: ① Genetics: Late onset schizophrenia has a higher genetic tendency than the general population, but is much lower than early onset schizophrenia; ② Personality: Most late onset schizophrenia personalities are sound, with a few tending to be paranoid personalities; ③ Gender: Late onset schizophrenia patients Female: male = 7:1; ④ sensory functions: late onset schizophrenia has more diminished sensory functions (such as vision and hearing) and is prone to hallucinations and delusions; ⑤ other: combined brain and somatic diseases, etc. 2, psychosocial factors: loneliness, disengagement from society, etc. Clinical manifestations: The main manifestations are abnormal and uncoordinated thinking, emotion, and behavior, but with the following characteristics: 1. Positive symptoms dominate: prominent delusions and hallucinations. Delusions are absurd and bizarre, with delusions of victimization being the most common, followed by exaggerated delusions and delusions of theft; hallucinations occur early and are severe, with auditory hallucinations being the most common, followed by visual hallucinations, olfactory hallucinations, and tactile hallucinations. The content of hallucinations and delusions are mostly consistent. 2. Negative symptoms are rare: negative symptoms such as paucity of thought, flat emotion, and reduced volition are rare. 3.Cognitive dysfunction is obvious, but there are no features of progressive cognitive decline, and there are no lesions such as senile plaques, neuronal fiber tangles, and granular vacuolar vesicles on brain pathological examination. 4.Personality remains relatively intact. 5, social adaptation ability decline is relatively insidious. Treatment: 1. Drug therapy: use drugs with fewer adverse reactions and drug interactions, starting at low doses, slow increments, longer intervals between increments, and individualized medication. Generally, the effective dose is one-third to one-half of the adult, and it is best to monitor the drug concentration. 2.Psycho-behavioral therapy: mainly cognitive-behavioral therapy, behavioral therapy, visitor-centered therapy, psychoanalytic therapy, family intervention therapy, supportive psychotherapy, etc. 3.Other: modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT); rehabilitation therapy, such as music therapy, occupational therapy, etc.; social therapy: such as life care, community services, etc.