Polycystic liver combined with liver abscess indicates the presence of a bacterial infection within the cyst, followed by abscess formation. Hepatic cysts are a common benign disease of the liver, which are most common in congenital hepatic cysts, but can also be caused by trauma, inflammation, parasitic infections, etc. The cysts are composed of an outer wall of epithelial tissue that can secrete cystic fluid. The outside of the cyst consists of a cystic wall with epithelial tissue that can secrete cystic fluid, and the inside of the cyst is mostly filled with cystic fluid. Since the fluid is a good culture medium for bacteria, when there is intracystic hemorrhage, cyst rupture, cystic bile duct fistula, etc., bacterial infection can be secondary, and a large number of bacterial reproduction can cause local necrosis of liver tissue to form a liver abscess. Liver cysts combined with abscess formation is an indication for surgical treatment, cyst opening should be performed in a timely manner to clean up the pus and place a drainage tube, which should be removed after the drainage fluid is clear. Patients suffering from hepatic cysts combined with liver abscesses are advised to go to the hospital as soon as possible and not to delay in order to avoid the progression of the disease.