What exactly does discogenic low back pain or disc rupture look like? Discogenic low back pain is a new concept that spine surgeons have been focusing on since total endoscopic spine surgery began to be used in the clinic. Without minimally invasive endoscopy, the surgeon could not really understand or see directly why the ruptured disc was causing the stubborn back pain that was ineffective with conservative treatment. It is the continuous inflammatory stimulation of these hyperplastic nerve endings by the nucleus pulposus tissue that passes through the fissure of the annulus fibrosus that causes most patients to have back pain, lumbar swelling, and sometimes nerve involvement pain in the lower extremities (not neuroradiological pain, which is the symptom caused by nerve compression when the disc is herniated). All traditional surgeries or the more common interventional treatments (percutaneous puncture disc radiofrequency treatment) are performed blindly, based on the doctor’s experience, to blindly remove the ruptured disc or nerve growth. The result: either more cuts or no cuts at all. Only with direct vision through the endoscopic camera does the doctor have the eyes to precisely treat the area of the lesion that needs to be treated. So many patients with low back pain and discogenic back pain often ask: what exactly do you mean by a ruptured disc or a lesion of the internal structure of the disc? The following diagram is an intuitive explanation: The red markings in the above diagram are: the nerve endings that are proliferating out of the fissure of the annulus fibrosus, which are continuously stimulated by the nucleus pulposus and produce intractable low back pain. Intervertebral foraminoscopy aims to remove the hyperplastic nerve endings and repair the ruptured annulus fibrosus by endoscopically shaping the area with radiofrequency resection under direct vision. The image above is a real section of the disc annulus fibrosus: the arrow points to the rupture within the annulus fibrosus, where the hyperplastic nerve endings are stained and thus visible. The surgery is to eliminate these hyperplastic nerve endings that should not be present but are present, and then repair the rupture there. The rupture is like the eruption of a volcano, under which there are many dangerous nucleus pulposus tissues that may erupt at any time. Only with the help of endoscopy, the surgeon can remove all the lesions and dangerous hidden problems under direct vision, the rupture, the protruding part of the nucleus pulposus, and the nucleus pulposus that may protrude, together, and then, just like repairing a tire, the The rupture is repaired.