(Disclaimer: This article is for general use only. To protect patient privacy, the information in the following content has been processed.) Abstract: The patient in this case was prone to pneumonia since childhood, and had a cold onset at the age of 25 with recurrent cough, yellow sputum and a small amount of hemoptysis. In fact, the cause of the disease is very common in clinical practice, which is a common chronic infectious disease – bronchiectasis. A cold can easily aggravate the symptoms, and poor control can lead to dyspnea and even pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary heart disease. This disease cannot be cured, but active control of infection can relieve symptoms. 【Basic information】Male, 25 years old 【Disease type】Bronchiectasis 【Visiting hospital】The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University 【Visiting time】January 2019 【Treatment plan】Anti-infective medication (piperacillin sodium tazobactam sodium) +Phlegmolytic medication (ambroxol hydrochloride) +Bronchoalveolar lavage treatment + Postural drainage +Hemostatic treatment (Yunnan Baiyao, Hemostatic Min) 【Treatment cycle The patient was prone to pneumonia since childhood and repeatedly coughing and coughing yellow sputum for 10 days because of cold. The symptoms were not significantly reduced, and the yellow sputum became more and more frequent. Today, the patient suddenly developed hemoptysis with blood in the sputum for no obvious reason, and he was worried that he was suffering from tuberculosis, so he came to the hospital. The patient was worried that he was suffering from tuberculosis, and the patient was given a lung auscultation, and obvious coarse wet rales were heard in the lungs, and the patient was informed that it should be bronchiectasis, and a CT examination of the lungs was completed. As shown in the figure: one can see the obvious multiple cystic dilatation of the right lower lung bronchus. In view of the fact that the patient had been ill for 10 days and had no relief of symptoms and also developed hemoptysis, the patient was recommended to be hospitalized for better control of symptoms. II. Treatment After admission, the patient was given the following diagnostic and therapeutic measures: retention for pathogenesis, and examination 3 days later returned Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was non-resistant, and the patient was given piperacillin sodium tazobactam sodium for aggressive anti-infective treatment. To keep the patient’s airway drained, a mucus promoter, aminoglutethimide hydrochloride, was given, and the patient was placed in a left lateral position with head down and feet up for postural drainage, while hemostatic treatment with Yunnan Baiyao and hemostatic minerals was administered. After 5 days of treatment, the hemoptysis was completely stopped, but the patient was still coughing yellow sputum. In order to better relieve the patient’s symptoms, bronchoscopic irrigation was given after consultation with the patient. At first, the patient was resistant to bronchoscopy and treatment, fearing that he would not be able to hold on during the process of doing it, and also had fear of bronchoscopy. However, after doing bronchoscopic irrigation, the patient’s yellow sputum was much reduced and his breathing became more fluent. The patient asked for a second time and was discharged with great satisfaction after 10 days when the sputum became significantly lighter and thinner and easier to heave out. III. Treatment effect After anti-infection treatment with piperacillin sodium tazobactam sodium and sputum drainage with amiloride hydrochloride, and bronchoscopic lavage, the patient’s yellow sputum was reduced and he could breathe well. 10 days after the 2nd cleaning, the yellow sputum became thin and easy to cough up, and the symptoms of hemoptysis were significantly relieved after applying Yunnan Baiyao and hemostatic min to stop the bleeding, and the patient was sincerely happy for the patient. The patient’s symptoms of hemoptysis and yellow sputum were effectively controlled by various treatment methods. The patient was followed up at the outpatient clinic after 1 month and showed a good recovery. D. Precautions After bronchiectasis is controlled, does it mean that it will not recur? Since bronchiectasis is a lifelong disease, it can lead to recurrent attacks if you do not pay attention to it in general, so it is very important to protect yourself in general to avoid recurrent infections and prevent disease progression. We should pay attention to the following points: 1. Adjustment of mentality: patients should face the disease positively and optimistically after cure, and face it calmly when recurrence occurs, do not be afraid and do not avoid treatment; 2. Adjustment of living habits: after treatment, first of all, you need to quit smoking to avoid smoke aggravating lung damage and causing bronchiectasis to worsen. Secondly, we should also pay attention to a light diet and avoid eating too spicy and greasy food, otherwise it will affect our own condition and the recovery of lung function; 3, increase resistance: after the cure of bronchiectasis, we also need to properly carry out life exercises, and in the winter and spring seasons when the climate changes quickly, we should pay attention to opening windows and keeping indoor air circulation to avoid catching a cold. If the symptoms of cold appear, be alert to whether it is a recurrence of bronchiectasis, and promptly consult a doctor to identify it. V. Personal insight The reason why the patient took many kinds of antibiotics orally at the beginning of the disease, but the yellow sputum did not decrease and hemoptysis appeared is that once bronchial dilatation is formed in the lung, the colonized bacteria in the upper airway will run to the lower airway, and once the cold induces repeated infections in the lower airway, these colonized bacteria will cause the patient to have yellow sputum, and when the infection becomes heavier and heavier, it will lead to the rupture of airway mucosal vessels and hemoptysis symptoms. Since bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammation of the bronchi and surrounding lung tissues, resulting in the destruction of the bronchial wall structure and causing bronchial deformation, this disease cannot be completely cured, but can be better controlled by anti-infective and sputum-removing drugs and other treatments. We need to pay attention to avoid cold and prevent the recurrence of bronchiectasis induced by cold; quit smoking and alcohol, do not eat spicy and stimulating food; strengthen exercise to enhance physical fitness; for patients with more sputum, we should pay attention to sputum drainage and take appropriate oral phlegmolytic drugs. If there are uncomfortable symptoms, consult a doctor as soon as possible to provide timely symptomatic treatment and control the disease.