Bronchial neoplasm is not necessarily cancer, but can also be seen in benign tumors and caseous nodular necrosis. To diagnose whether bronchial neoplasm is cancer or not, fiberoptic bronchoscopy is needed, and painless fiberoptic bronchoscopy has been added in order to alleviate the pain of patients, which is well accepted by patients. The diagnosis of bronchial neoplasm is made by biopsy of the tissue, mainly under the microscope, and is confirmed by pathology in the Department of Pathology. If the tissue is grossly malignant, the possibility of cancer should be guarded against, if massive caseous necrosis is present, bronchial tuberculosis is indicated, and if inflammatory granulomatous changes are present, bronchial tuberculosis is also highly suspected. Bronchial neoplasm also includes other infectious lesions that do not heal for a long period of time resulting in pus-like changes, such as lung abscess after treatment to form a chronic lung abscess, the lumen of a large amount of stagnant pus, mechanization, and scarring is also easy to take the neoplasm. However, the neoplasm will suggest chronic inflammatory changes, which are less effective with medical treatment and need to be treated with surgery. Therefore bronchial neoplasm is mainly considered as tumor, tuberculosis or chronic inflammatory lesion, not always cancer.