As we all know, maintenance hemodialysis is an important treatment method to extend the life of uremic patients. Before performing maintenance hemodialysis, the arteriovenous channel must be established, and the arteriovenous endovascular fistula is a method often used in the clinic, which selects the radial artery of the forearm and the cephalic vein for the arteriovenous anastomosis, and utilizes the blood flow of the artery to enlarge and expand the vein, and thicken the vein, forming the arteriovenous endovascular fistula, which is conducive to the repeated puncture of the dialysis tube. Therefore, the protection of the arteriovenous fistula is crucial for hemodialysis patients. Protection of arteriovenous fistula should pay attention to the following points: 1, in the early stage of arteriovenous fistuloplasty (after removal of stitches from the surgical opening), the patient should be operated on every day of the hand to make a fist and relaxation exercise, note that it is not a frequent movement, it is a regular grasp and release, each lasting 10 seconds. Every day in the morning, middle and evening moderately. The purpose is to let the internal fistula “mature” as early as possible. 2.If you are a patient who is discharged from the hospital three or four days after having an endovascular fistula, then you should go to the hospital to have the wound stitches removed 10 to 14 days after the line surgery. 3.Don’t use your hand as a “pillow”, lift heavy objects or wear bracelets when you are resting or sleeping; don’t give your hand to medical staff or family members for blood pressure measurement or infusion, so as not to cause blockage of the fistula tube. 4, if the hand blood vessels appear pseudoaneurysm, it is recommended that you can buy “wrist guards” local protection, so as not to accidentally hurt the pseudoaneurysm in life and work, resulting in hemorrhage. 5, it is recommended to touch the fistula at least four times a day, to check whether the blood vessel tremor, murmur is normal, whether the fistula is smooth. If you find that the tremor and murmur of the fistula decreases and the blood flow decreases, the fistula may be blocked. Please go to the hospital in time. 6.Before doing hemodialysis, patients are advised to wash the skin of the upper limb (or lower limb) with soap for 2 minutes to keep the puncture site clean and reduce the chance of fistula infection. 7, if you find that the blood vessels of the hand of the fistula redness, warmth, local pain, the fistula may be infected, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible. 8, in the patient just after hemodialysis treatment, the nurse will use the gauze ball to help the patient in the puncture place pressure to stop bleeding, at this time to check the fistula murmur and blood flow. If the patient or family members in the pressure to stop bleeding, the force should be appropriate, neither cause bleeding, nor too strong, so that the blood flow is blocked, resulting in fistula blockage. Generally speaking, the gauze ball of the venous end can be replaced with a hemostatic patch 20 minutes after the end of dialysis, while the pressure of the arterial end should be greater, and the compression time should be longer, generally about 30 minutes, with differences in specific individual patients. If you find that there is still bleeding at the puncture site when you change the hemostatic patch, you don’t need to panic, as long as you press locally for a longer period of time again.