For patients on hemodialysis, the vascular access for dialysis is an important factor affecting the patient’s life expectancy. Hemodialysis technology has allowed patients with uremia to survive for 30-40 years, so the vascular access for dialysis has become a bottleneck affecting the patient’s survival. Due to repeated puncture of the endovascular fistula, endothelial injury, thrombosis, pressure, hypotension, etc. can lead to endovascular fistula occlusion and loss of function, in the past, after the emergence of endovascular fistula problems, often the blood drug in the ipsilateral upper limb of the high position of the re-fistula or in the patient’s contralateral upper limb re-establishment of the fistula. But this will advance the vascular reserve, the future emergence of endovascular fistula problem will have no vascular access available. The development of vascular interventional techniques has improved the possibility of minimally invasive opening of obstructed endovascular fistulas. Vascular interventional techniques include local thrombolysis, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting, and balloon dilatation, which can repair and maintain the function of the vascular access with minimal trauma and rapid recovery. Although the cost of vascular interventions is higher than that of re-stenting, it is worth it for the long-term survival of the patient, who needs to preserve his or her own vascular resources as much as possible, because once there are no own blood vessels available, he or she has to resort to artificial blood vessels or prolonged intubation, with far more complications than in the case of his or her own arteriovenous endovascular fistulae.