Artificial joints were one of the most important advances made in the field of orthopaedic surgery in the twentieth century. Currently, artificial joint replacement has become the mainstay of treatment for severe joint pathologies and has been hailed as an important milestone in the history of orthopaedic surgery in the twentieth century. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has developed very rapidly. As the surgical technique has matured and the design of the knee prosthesis, materials and related instruments have been refined and improved, clinical outcomes have continued to improve. Currently, the prosthetic survival rate is over 95% for 10-15 years after total knee arthroplasty, and the average survival period is about 20 years. The most used total knee prosthesis at home and abroad is the total condylar prosthesis, and the fixation method is mostly bone cement fixation. The metal part of the knee prosthesis is composed of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum and titanium alloy, and the non-metal part is polyethylene. The indications for TKA surgery are: elderly patients with total knee osteoarthritis, severe pain that has not been treated with regular conservative therapy, and significant functional limitations can be considered for TKA surgery. Contraindications to surgery include: (i) any active infection, systemic or local; (ii) paralysis of the major motor muscles of the joint or destruction of muscle tendons and other tissues. Although osteoarthritis is the most common cause of knee pain, other causes of lower extremity and knee pain must be sought and ruled out prior to TKA. While the United States performs more than 200,000 total knee replacements each year, China has less than 20,000 total knee replacements per year in a population of 1.3 billion. The reason for this is that in addition to the economic gap, the main reason is the gap in science education. Many patients and even some doctors are not aware of the efficacy of artificial knee replacement and are skeptical that osteoarthritis of the knee can be eliminated by artificial joint replacement and improve function. With the development of our society and economy, the pursuit of quality of life, and the popularization of the theory and technology of artificial knee replacement, we believe that more and more patients with osteoarthritis will undergo joint replacement surgery.