ADHD, also known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD for short, usually starts before the age of seven. In China, the prevalence rate is 1.5-13.4%, with boys significantly more than girls. ADHD has three main manifestations: attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity. I. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD): At least 6 (or more) of the following symptoms, lasting for at least 6 months, to an extent that is incompatible with developmental level and directly and negatively affects social and academic/vocational activities: 1. Frequent inability to pay close attention to details or to make careless mistakes in assignments, work, or other activities (e.g., ignoring or omitting details, imprecise work); 2. Frequent difficulty maintaining attention during tasks or play activities (e.g., neglecting or omitting details, inaccurate work); and 2. often has difficulty maintaining attention (e.g., has difficulty maintaining attention during listening to lectures, conversations, or prolonged reading); 3. often does not appear to be listening when others are speaking directly to him or her (e.g., appears to be distracted even in the absence of any obvious interruptions); 4. often fails to follow instructions to the extent that he or she is unable to complete assignments, chores, or duties on the job (e.g., can start a task but quickly loses attention and is easily distracted); 5. often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities (e.g., difficulty managing organized tasks; difficulty keeping materials and objects neatly organized; messy, disorganized work; poor time management; inability to meet deadlines); 6. often avoids, resents, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require a sustained mental effort (e.g., school assignments or homework; in the case of older For older adolescents and adults, preparing reports, completing forms, or reading lengthy texts); 7. Often loses items needed for a task or activity (e.g., school materials, pencils, books, tools, wallet, keys, files, eyeglasses, cell phone); 8. Often gets easily distracted by external stimuli (for older adolescents and adults, this may include irrelevant thoughts); 9. Often forgets things in the course of daily activities (e.g., housework, homework, work); 10. things (e.g., doing chores, running errands; for older adolescents and adults, returning phone calls, paying bills, making appointments). Hyperactivity and impulsivity Having at least 6 (or more) of the following symptoms for at least 6 months at a level that is inconsistent with developmental level and directly and negatively interferes with social and academic/vocational activities: 1. Frequently moving his/her arms and legs or squirming in his/her seat; 2. Frequently moving out of his/her seat when he/she is expected to be seated (e.g., leaving his/her seat in the classroom, office, or other place of work, or in other situations where he/she is expected to remain in place); 3. frequently runs around or climbs up and down in inappropriate situations (note: for adolescents or adults, this may be limited to fidgeting); 4. is frequently unable to play quietly or engage in leisure activities; 5. is frequently “busy” as if ” driven by an engine” (e.g., unable to stay still for long periods of time or uncomfortable in restaurants, meetings; may be perceived by others as fidgety or difficult to follow); 6. often talks too much; 7. often blurts out answers to questions before the question is finished (e.g., picks up on what others are saying; can’t wait for the order of a conversation) her turn (e.g., when waiting in line); 9. often interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., interjects into someone else’s conversation, game, or activity; starts using someone else’s things without asking or asking permission; for adolescents and adults, it may be intruding or taking over what someone else is doing).