Artificial total knee replacement is a new technology for the treatment of knee diseases that has gradually developed after the successful application of artificial hip joints to patients in recent times. It is very effective in eradicating advanced knee pain and greatly improves the quality of life of patients, and is becoming more and more popular in China. In order for the surgery to be successful, the surgeon needs to do many parts of the work: including preoperative preparation, surgical operation and postoperative treatment, of which the surgical operation is one of the core parts and is one of the keys to successful treatment. Paying attention to every detail is the only way to reduce complications and provide the safest service to patients. Total knee arthroplasty is a major orthopedic surgery, and any cause of venous injury, venous flow arrest and blood hypercoagulation are risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is usually present in such patients with risk factors such as older age, surgical repair and the need for postoperative braking, and these patients are at a very high risk for VTE. VTE is the third most common cardiovascular condition worldwide, after coronary heart disease and stroke. A study on the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in 407 cases of total hip, total knee replacement and periprosthetic fractures in 19 orthopedic centers in 7 Asian countries showed that the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 43.2% confirmed by venography. The results of our orthopedic experts showed that the incidence of DVT after major orthopedic surgery was 30.8%~58.2%, similar to that of foreign countries. Evaluation of VTE risk factors and targeted pharmacological prophylaxis should be routinely performed for inpatients. The anticoagulants available for pharmacological prophylaxis are: factor Xa inhibitors (e.g. apixaban), normal heparin (UFH), low molecular heparin (LMWH), vitamin K antagonists, etc.