Heart disease is a major threat to people’s health because of its rapid and dangerous onset, and coronary heart disease has always been one of the most important diseases threatening Chinese patients, and in recent years, with the change of people’s lifestyle and improvement of living standards, the incidence of coronary heart disease is gradually increasing and showing a younger trend. It is a disease that requires lifelong treatment. Health education for patients with coronary heart disease is one of the measures to reduce the incidence rate. Through health education, patients can develop health awareness and health behaviors and improve their quality of life.
What is coronary heart disease?
Coronary heart disease is the abbreviation of coronary heart disease or atherosclerotic heart disease. The blood supply to the heart muscle comes from the left and right coronary arteries that originate from the root of the aorta (which travels on the surface of the heart and looks like a crown on the heart, hence the name coronary artery), and when atherosclerosis or vasospasm occurs in these two arteries and their branches, it leads to lumen narrowing or occlusion. When the narrowing of coronary artery lumen exceeds 50%-70%, coronary artery circulation will be impaired, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the myocardium, causing imbalance of oxygen supply and demand to the myocardium, and clinical symptoms such as angina pectoris will occur. Coronary atherosclerosis is the main cause of coronary lumen narrowing, myocardial ischemia and hypoxia.
How to detect coronary heart disease early?
When you have the following phenomena in your daily life, you should be alert and seek medical advice in time for early detection of coronary heart disease.
(1) Sudden pain behind the sternum or left chest with sweating or radiating to the shoulder, arm or neck during exertion or stress.
(2) Panic, shortness of breath, fatigue and salty feeling of breathlessness during physical activity.
(3) Palpitations and chest pain during full meals, cold, and watching shocking movies.
(4) In public places or meeting places, or when climbing upstairs, than yourself before, especially than others easily feel chest tightness, palpitations, breathlessness and not enough air.
(5)When sleeping at night with a low pillow, feel breath-holding and need to lie on a high pillow: “Suddenly awake during a deep sleep or nightmare, feel palpitations, chest tightness, poor breathing, and need to sit up before getting better.
(6) Feeling heartbeat, heart rush, chest tightness or chest pain discomfort during sexual intercourse
(7) Long-term episodes of left shoulder pain that repeatedly does not heal with general treatment.
(8) Recurrent irregular pulse, too fast or too slow.
Coronary heart disease prevention
Early prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease is reflected in the various stages of coronary heart disease, if you are not suffering from coronary heart disease to prevent the occurrence of coronary heart disease, medically known as “primary prevention”; already have coronary heart disease to prevent the aggravation of coronary heart disease and complications, this is “secondary prevention secondary prevention”, “secondary prevention” is more important for many middle-aged and elderly patients with hidden coronary heart disease. Prevention of coronary heart disease, the first is to prevent the onset of the disease, to “prevent the disease before it happens”; secondly, to prevent the event, patients with coronary heart disease to prevent the occurrence of heart attack, stroke (commonly known as stroke) and other serious events; thirdly, to prevent the consequences, the occurrence of heart attack or stroke should be sent to the hospital in a timely manner to prevent the development of the worse direction; fourthly, to prevent recurrence, to prevent the recurrence of heart attack, stroke, etc. The fourth is to prevent recurrence of heart attack, stroke, etc.; finally, to prevent heart failure, repeated episodes of heart attack, heart enlargement eventually prone to heart failure. Guard these 5 lines of defense, there will be more people have a vibrant heart.
Spring coronary heart disease preventive measures are as follows: 1, pay attention to warmth, spring climate change, advocate “spring cover”, do not change clothes too early, so as not to get cold when the temperature is low, especially when going out to pay attention to the head and limbs of warmth, to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular disease.
2, to actively prevent and control colds, bronchitis and other upper respiratory tract infections, spring is the high season of respiratory infectious diseases, we should pay attention to avoid cold and cold, increase the burden on the heart, and promote the onset of coronary heart disease.
3, pay attention to the regularity of life, it is advisable to go to bed early and get up early, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, avoid staying up late, to maintain an optimistic state of mind, avoid mental stimulation.
4, strengthen physical exercise, moderate exercise, such as outdoor walking, taijiquan, qigong, etc.. But in case of sudden cold, windy and other weather changes, to indoor activities, according to temperature changes, timely increase or decrease clothing.
5, pay attention to dietary regimen, should be light diet, avoid too salty, too sweet, greasy food, eat more fiber-rich vegetables, fruits. Also note that do not eat too much, so as not to increase the burden on the heart.
6.Actively prevent and treat hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, and strictly control blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid level.
7, in addition to insist on taking the common drugs for coronary heart disease, prepare a health care box, oxygen and other emergency drugs. Regularly review the electrocardiogram, heart ultrasound, etc. If there is any discomfort, seek medical consultation in time.
The gold standard for diagnosing coronary heart disease
Coronary angiography is an interventional diagnostic technique to determine the presence of coronary artery lesions and provide a reliable basis for the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease and research by using a special-shaped cardiac catheter delivered to the root of the aorta via the femoral artery, brachial artery or radial artery and inserted into the left and right coronary artery orifices, respectively, and injecting a contrast agent. The purpose of coronary angiography is to examine all branches of the coronary vascular tree for detailed anatomical information, including variations in the origin and distribution of the coronary arteries, anatomical and functional abnormalities, and inter-coronary and medial coronary artery traffic. Coronary angiography is an interventional test that can visualize the narrowing of the heart vessels and is currently the most reliable method for diagnosing coronary artery disease, and is known as the “gold standard”.
How is coronary artery disease treated?
Treatment includes medication, interventional therapy and surgery.
(a). Drug treatment: 1.
1.Lipid regulating treatment: including diet, lifestyle modification and medication, such as statins.
2, antihypertensive: lifestyle regulation; blood pressure > 140/90mmHg should take antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of a doctor.
3.Lowering blood sugar: Blood sugar should be strictly controlled to normal range, fasting blood sugar <7mmol/l, two hours after meal or random blood sugar <11mmol/l.
4.Anti-platelet: As long as there is no contraindication to aspirin should be taken for a long time. Those who have contraindication to aspirin can take clopidogrel.
5, ß-blockers: can relieve angina attacks. Lower blood pressure. Commonly used drugs such as betalactam.
6, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: all patients with coronary heart disease and other vascular disease if there is no contraindication to long-term use.
(B) Interventional treatment: namely percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), PCI can significantly relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. After the lesion is clearly identified by coronary angiography, balloon dilatation is performed on the severely stenosed coronary artery, and then a stent is implanted to open the coronary artery, improve myocardial ischemia, relieve angina, reduce the risk of coronary heart disease, and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events through mechanical compression and distension of the atheromatous plaque on the coronary artery wall. The biggest advantage is that it is not necessary to open the chest, simple, safe, painless, minimally invasive treatment, short operation time (only about 1 hour), a few hours after the operation can get out of bed, 3-4 days can be discharged from the hospital, with the advantages of fast recovery after surgery, fewer complications and less risk, has become the majority of coronary heart disease patients are happy to accept the treatment technology. The efficacy is significantly better than that of drug treatment alone. After treatment, patients’ symptoms such as chest pain, chest tightness and shortness of breath are significantly relieved or completely eliminated, exercise tolerance is enhanced after surgery, and most patients’ ability to work and live after surgery can be fully restored to the level before the disease. Success rate
is close to 100%, and the complications are less than 3%, which has become a perfect and mature non-surgical method.
(C) Surgical treatment: Heart bypass surgery, commonly known as coronary artery bypass surgery, is to create a channel between the proximal and distal ends of the narrowed coronary arteries, so that blood bypasses the narrowed part and reaches the distal end. Because this surgical method is like a bridge, it is imaginatively called heart bypass surgery. By connecting the distal end of the narrowed coronary artery to the aorta, the arterial blood in the aorta bypasses the original narrowed section of the coronary artery and passes directly through the “bridge vessel” to the distal coronary artery, restoring normal blood flow to the distal end of the narrowed coronary artery. Heart bypass surgery can improve the blood supply to the heart muscle, relieve angina symptoms, improve heart function, and improve the quality of life of patients.