Stem cell therapy is effective for hypertension and its induced complications. Human blood vessels are mainly composed of vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis of human blood vessels is one of the main mechanisms leading to the formation of hypertension, and stem cells can produce vascular endothelial cells to restore the function of blood vessels. Stem cells can also neonate vascular smooth muscle cells to prevent and treat atherosclerosis and restore vascular compliance, all of which are effective in the control of hypertension. Moreover, when hypertension is complicated with coronary heart disease induced myocardial injury and myocardial ischemia, stem cells can generate new cardiomyocytes to restore the function of the heart, so stem cell therapy is effective for hypertension and its complications.