What are the clinical features of spastic cerebral palsy?

  The main site of injury is the conus system, but the clinical manifestations are different depending on the location of the lesion. The main manifestations are as follows: 1, increased muscle tone, passive flexion and extension of the limb with “folding knife” like increased muscle tone performance. The range of motion of the joint becomes smaller, the movement is impaired, and the posture is abnormal.  2. Due to the increased tone of flexor muscles, the flexion and internal rotation of major joints are mostly manifested.  3.The upper extremity shows palmar flexion of the wrist joint, hand clenching, thumb inversion, finger joint flexion, forearm rotation forward, elbow flexion, and shoulder joint inversion. Excessive use of the upper extremities is prone to joint reaction, so that the development of the upper extremities is affected.  4. The lower limbs are characterized by pointed feet, inward and outward turning of the feet, knee flexion or hyperextension, hip flexion, inward and internal rotation, thigh inward, toe on the ground when walking, and scissor gait. The lower limbs are restricted to separate movement, and it is difficult to support the weight of the lower limbs when the soles of the feet touch the ground.  5.More often seen in the trunk and upper limb extensors, some flexors of the lower limbs and some extensors muscle strength is reduced.  6.Small movement amplitude, fixed direction, and slow movement rate.  7. Spastic diplegia is the most common in children with cerebral palsy, mainly showing generalized involvement, with the lower extremities heavier than the upper extremities, mostly showing upper extremity flexion pattern and lower extremity extension pattern.  8. Spastic quadriplegia generally has heavier clinical manifestations than spastic diplegia, and may manifest as generalized hypertonia, similar degree of damage in the upper and lower extremities, or heavier in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities. Since most of them focus on the other side, they have obvious postural-motor asymmetry.  9. Children with spastic hemiplegia have mild clinical symptoms and obvious asymmetric posture-motion, generally showing symptoms after 6 months of age, with significant differences around 1 year of age. While normal children seldom develop sharp hands before 12 months of age, children with spastic hemiplegia may develop sharp hands before 12 months of age. Clear imaging changes can be seen in this type.  10. Slow visual development, insufficient visual experience effect, and underdeveloped visual function affect the speed and quality of gross and fine motor development.  11. There may be different degrees of intellectual backwardness, timidity, shrinking, and introverted personality.  12, clinical examination can be seen cone bundle sign, tendon reflex hyperactivity, enhanced periosteal reflex, positive ankle clonus. pathological reflexes are still positive after 2 years of age.  13.Low birth weight and asphyxiated children are prone to this type, which accounts for about 60%-70% of children with cerebral palsy.