The advantage of total thyroidectomy is that it can completely remove the lesion and prevent the disease from recurring, but the disadvantage is that it requires lifelong administration of levothyroxine after the operation and may cause side effects. The thyroid gland is an important gland in the endocrine system, responsible for the secretion of thyroid hormone, which is essential for human body, and can regulate metabolism, promote growth and development, and regulate immunity. Thyroidectomy can completely remove the lesions, preventing the damage caused by the primary disease and also preventing the recurrence of the disease. However, after total thyroidectomy, patients are required to take long-term medication to supplement levothyroxine, and the thyroid function should be monitored regularly to prevent hypothyroidism. In addition, total thyroidectomy may increase the risk of parathyroid injury and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Therefore, when thyroid disease occurs, patients should communicate fully with their doctors and decide on the best course of treatment, taking into account the severity of the patient’s condition and weighing the pros and cons.