Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease. It was named Hashimoto’s thyroiditis because the histological features of the disease were first described in detail by Hashimoto, a pathologist at Kyushu University in Japan. The pathology is characterized by diffuse enlargement and hardening of the thyroid tissue and lymphocytic infiltration, and it is a common chronic clinical condition that affects middle-aged women. The incidence in children is also not low. The etiology of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is not well understood, and clinical findings suggest that the disease tends to run in families. It is generally believed to be the result of a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Such as infections, consumption of excessive iodide (iodized salt is consumed in coastal areas); recently susceptibility genes have been identified in families of patients. For diagnosed simple Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, relatively mild cases generally do not require treatment, with hypo- or hyperthyroidism, or pre-pregnancy and pregnancy stages (especially in vitro pregnancy) to ensure the development of the fetus and its thyroid gland, aggressive medical treatment should be undertaken. The main treatment is eugenol (or thyroxine tablets). However, surgical treatment is required if the following conditions are present (1) If the enlarged thyroid gland compresses the trachea (like a tight band) and causes suffocation, the isthmus of the thyroid gland (the bridge between the left and right lobes of the thyroid gland) can be surgically removed to relieve breathing difficulties. Second, ultrasound examination shows a suspected cancerous nodule (unclear border, microcalcifications, peripheral blood flow, hypoechoic, etc.) or adenoma in the thyroid tissue, and our experience is that we should be more vigilant and pay more attention to single nodules! Surgical treatment should be considered, and the surgical option should be decided based on rapid pathology during surgery. We routinely do prophylactic excision and removal of a small section of the thyroid isthmus in patients whose pathology is reported as benign nodules during surgery for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, so that the patient is free of posterior ravages. Third, when the thyroid gland is significantly enlarged due to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which affects aesthetics and work, surgical treatment is also possible. It is important to emphasize that Hashimoto’s thyroiditis should be followed closely whether or not surgery is performed! This is because Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is prone to tumor growth (about 20%). Ultrasound of the thyroid gland and thyroid function tests should be done every six months to a year. Hashimoto’s disease is not the most serious disease among all thyroid diseases, but here again, once patients find enlargement and discomfort in the thyroid area of the neck, they should choose a regular hospital, a regular hospital, and a regular hospital for timely examination and treatment so as not to delay the disease.