The development of nasal polyps is related to a variety of factors and is prone to recurrence, so comprehensive treatment is recommended. For small nasal polyps, or nasal polyps in the perioperative period, or with obvious allergic factors, nasal spray glucocorticoids can be applied for 1-2 months; with allergic rhinitis or asthma, or after nasal endoscopy, oral hormones and nasal spray glucocorticoids can be used to treat the polyps with better results. Most nasal polyps must be treated by nasal endoscopic surgery, and the surgical cure can reach 85-90%, but the long-term follow-up and comprehensive treatment after surgery is more important.
I. Definition and clinical manifestations of nasal polyps
Nasal polyp: It is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucosa of the nasal cavity and sinuses. The polyps are mostly bilateral in onset, long in the sinus orifice nasal tract complex and olfactory fissure. The clinical manifestations are persistent nasal congestion, olfactory disturbance, runny nose and sneezing, etc. that gradually worsen. They are usually found in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and the top of the nose. Nasal polyps are not true tumors, but are often the result of nasal mucosal edema caused by metaplasia and chronic inflammation of the sinuses. Most often occur in middle age or older, more men than women.
Second, the etiology of polyps
1.Chronic infection
In the process of infectious inflammation released bacteriostin and inflammatory mediators, can make the lymphatic drainage in the mucosa, venous stasis and small blood vessel dilation, resulting in increased exudation, mucosal edema. Repeated infection inflammatory stimulation, mucosal edema further aggravated, and eventually formed nasal polyps.
2.Eosinophils and cytokines
80% of nasal polyps have more eosinophil infiltration, eosinophils can synthesize and secrete a variety of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, these from cytokines can prolong the survival of eosinophils, promote inflammatory response, prompting the formation of nasal polyps.
Third, the clinical manifestations of nasal polyps
1, nasal congestion, gradually increasing persistent nasal congestion, hyposmia, occlusive nasal sounds, sleep snoring and open-mouth breathing, mostly bilateral onset, unilateral rare.
2.Patients may have symptoms such as runny nose, headache, tinnitus, stuffy ears and hearing loss.
3.Mucus polyps, rather like peeled grape-like or fresh lychee flesh-like, smooth and translucent surface, pink, with a tip mostly from the middle nasal passage, soft and active when touched.
4, hemorrhagic polyps (less) smooth surface, congestion, soft to touch and easy to bleed.
5, fibrous polyps, gray-white, smooth surface, touching the more solid not easy to bleed.
6.Multiple polyps, often from the septal sinus, a single polyp more from the maxillary sinus, falling into the posterior nostril called “posterior nostril polyps”.
7, nasal polyps increase in size, long-term non-treatment, can cause the dorsum of the nose widened to form a “frog nose”, so that the patient’s face is seriously deformed.
Fourth, the treatment of nasal polyps
The onset of nasal polyps is related to a variety of factors, and easy to recur, it is recommended that comprehensive treatment. For the first small polyps in the middle nasal tract, or nasal polyps in the perioperative period, or with obvious allergic factors, nasal spray glucocorticoids can be applied for 1 to 2 months; with allergic rhinitis or asthma, or after nasal endoscopy, oral hormones, and then nasal spray glucocorticoids treatment, the effect is better. Most nasal polyps must receive nasal endoscopic surgery, surgical cure up to 85%-90%, but long-term postoperative follow-up and comprehensive treatment is more important.
V. Prevention and care of nasal polyps
1, actively prevent and control colds and flu, according to seasonal changes in time to increase and decrease clothing, reduce colds and flu, to avoid recurrent edema of the nasal mucosa.
2, strengthen physical exercise, improve physical resistance, advocate cold water washing, cold water bath, sunbathing.
3, quit smoking and alcohol, defense of toxic gases and pollution, dust on the nose and throat long-term stimulation.
4, avoid long-term application of vasoconstrictors, so as not to cause drug rhinitis.
5, do not develop the bad habit of picking the nose, nasal congestion can not be forced to blow the nose when serious, so as not to lead to sinusitis, otitis media, etc.
6, timely treatment of nasal, pharyngeal and surrounding organ diseases to avoid the spread of infection and recurrent attacks.
7, most of the disease is the secondary disease or complications of various nasal diseases, so we should actively treat various primary nasal diseases.
8.Working and living environment should be kept fresh air.
9.Usually use less mint and ice chips preparation in the nasal cavity.
10.Avoid spicy, alcohol and other irritating food.
11.Nasal cleaning therapy.
Six, warm reminder
When your nose is uncomfortable must be promptly to the regular hospital otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery for examination and treatment!