Splenectomy for ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) is mainly able to reduce the production of platelet antibodies and the destruction of platelets in the spleen, which in turn has a therapeutic effect. ITP is an acquired autoimmune hemorrhagic disease, the pathogenesis of which is mainly the production of antiplatelet antibodies, which bind to platelet antigens and are destroyed in the mononuclear phagocyte system, especially in the spleen, resulting in thrombocytopenia, and splenectomy can fundamentally treat it. However, at present, the preferred treatment for ITP is glucocorticoid, immunoglobulin and other medications, and splenectomy can be chosen for cases where glucocorticoid and immunoglobulin treatments are ineffective. It should be noted that splenectomy is prohibited for ITP younger than 2 years of age, early or late pregnancy, and for ITP that cannot tolerate surgery due to other diseases. When ITP is diagnosed, one should go to a regular hospital and follow the doctor’s instructions to avoid delay.