The brainstem is the brain tissue that connects the brain to the spinal cord and can be involved in visceral movement, as well as correlated with salivary secretion. The brainstem maintains the vital functions of the individual, including respiration, circulation, heartbeat, digestion, body temperature, sleep, and other physiological functions are related to the brainstem. The brainstem governs the body’s movement, sensory functions, and arousal functions. The brainstem governs the motor functions of the body, including swallowing and articulation, as well as the eye movements and motions of the face, and also regulates the endocrine function of the body. When brainstem lesions occur, electrolyte disturbances can occur, and in severe cases, central hyperthermia can occur. For brainstem functions, the medulla oblongata is the respiratory, circulatory, and heartbeat center, and is at greater clinical risk when lesions occur.