Lumbar disc bulge and herniation are two pathological subtypes of intervertebral disc disease. The lumbar intervertebral disc, due to long-term, chronic, repeated accumulative strain and degenerative changes, can lead to a decrease in water, brittle texture, small height, increased mobility of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, and even cracks. The nucleus pulposus and fibers with increased mobility may also bulge out in all directions, which is called lumbar disc bulge. The nucleus pulposus tissue may protrude into the spinal canal through the weakness of the annulus fibrosus and the fissure, compressing the nerve roots of the corresponding segment and causing numbness, pain, weakness and other symptoms in the lower limbs, which is called lumbar disc herniation.