Factors affecting the axial length of the eye mainly include genetic factors, eye habits, disease factors and age factors. 1. Genetic factors: When parents are highly myopic or hyperopic, the length of the anterior and posterior axes of the eyeballs of the children after birth may also be different from that of normal people, and the offspring of patients with congenital microphthalmia have a higher possibility of developing congenital microphthalmia. 2. Eye habits: When patients overuse electronic products such as computers and cell phones or read for too long, it will lead to a rapid increase in myopia and an increase in the eye axis. 3. Disease factors: Corneal congenital developmental abnormalities, eye tumors, corneal diseases or corneal trauma can also affect the length of the eye axis, so that the patient has myopia or hyperopia. 4. Age factor: with age, the eye axis of patients will continue to lengthen, and the eye axis can be stabilized after adulthood, usually the eye axis of infants and young children is about 16mm at birth, and it can reach about 24mm after adulthood. It is recommended that patients with abnormal eye axes should consult a doctor in a timely manner to assess their condition and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.