As people’s health awareness continues to rise, medical checkups are becoming more and more important, and people who are in a position to do so are often willing to spend a lot of money on medical checkups, doing MR, CT and other expensive “big” tests, but many people ignore some of the cheapest and most basic routine tests. The simple test of stool routine can give feedback on many digestive tract diseases. In the medical examination, blood routine has become one of the indispensable items, people are more willing to accept the form of blood sampling, but stool routine is often abandoned, because the sampling is considered “troublesome” and “dirty”. Therefore, in many hospitals or medical checkup packages, there is no trace of stool routine, and very few people choose stool routine during medical checkups. Although the hospital attaches great importance to the stool routine, often guiding the units and individuals to do this project, but the number of people doing it is still far less than the blood routine. The reason for the lack of people asking for stool routine, mainly because it is too troublesome to take samples and simply do not do, or the awareness of the stool routine is still in the “is not to check for parasites? It doesn’t matter if you test it or not”. In fact, the stool is the “alarm” for various digestive diseases. The color and shape of the stool are closely related to the disease: black stool may be upper gastrointestinal bleeding, dark red blood stool may be a manifestation of intestinal ulcers or polyps or even colorectal cancer. A simple stool routine can reflect a lot of problems: 1. fecal occult blood: it can detect a very small amount of bleeding in the stool, invisible to the naked eye. common diseases that appear occult blood include tumors, ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease, liver cirrhosis, bleeding caused by biliary tract diseases, polyps, etc. The average patient with colorectal cancer and one-third of patients with adenoma will have regular bleeding. Early stage of GI cancers can be positive for occult blood in 20% of patients, and the rate of positive occult blood in advanced patients reaches over 90%. Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding and peptic ulcers also have positive fecal occult blood test or intermittent positive test. 2, white blood cells: high white blood cells indicate inflammation, to understand whether there is bacterial infection of the digestive tract. 3, worm eggs: routine stool test can also check for parasitic infections, which is more meaningful for Cantonese people who love raw fish. Usually we can also look at the “shape” and “color” normal stool contains fecal bile, so yellow or brownish yellow. Black or tar-like stool: seen in the upper gastrointestinal bleeding; red: mostly lower gastrointestinal bleeding, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or excessive consumption of watermelon, tomatoes and other red food. Off-white (“white clay-like”): possibly jaundice or biliary obstruction due to various causes (stones, tumors, roundworms, etc.), resulting in bilirubin not being excreted with the stool. Black stools are also associated with food or medications. For example, if you eat pig’s blood, your stool will turn black; if you eat a lot of green vegetables with high chlorophyll content, your stool will be green; if you eat stomach medicine containing bismuth for stomach problems, and if you take iron supplements regularly for iron deficiency anemia, your stool will also be black. But if there are no these common reasons but black stool or dark red blood stool should be taken seriously, because this is the performance of digestive tract bleeding, hemoglobin in the role of intestinal bacteria will turn black, if the bleeding is particularly large or bleeding location is relatively low, too late to be broken down by bacteria will pull dark red or red. Whether the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract bleeds and pulls bloody stool, there is a characteristic that blood and stool are mixed together. If the blood is only attached to the surface of the stool or drips after the stool, this is a case of bleeding near the rectum and anus, most commonly seen with hemorrhoids. You can also get some information about the disease by looking at the shape of the stool. Normal stools should be cylindrical and soft. Abnormal shapes include: too hard, too rotten or even mucus or watery. Spherical hard stool: visible when constipation; mucus thin stool: seen when the intestinal wall is irritated or inflammation, such as enteritis, dysentery and acute schistosomiasis; mucus purulent blood stool: mostly seen in bacterial dysentery; paste-colored mucus stool: mostly seen in amoebic dysentery; watery, egg-like stool: seen in acute gastroenteritis, and in large amounts in pseudomembranous enteritis and cryptosporidium infection. Burnt stool: mostly seen in small intestine disorders.