Lumbar spinal fusion surgery for one year and still have pain may be related to poor fusion of vertebrae, loosening of internal fixation devices, neighboring disc herniation, the treatment mainly includes general treatment, physical therapy, medication, surgery and so on. 1. Poor vertebral body fusion: If the vertebral body goes down too soon after lumbar spine fusion surgery, or when accompanied by osteoporosis, the vertebral body may not reach the real bony fusion, which can cause pain under the action of external force, and the second surgery should be carried out as soon as possible to re-implant the bone and internal fixation. If necessary, anti-osteoporosis treatment should be performed. 2. Loosening of the internal fixation device: If the internal fixation device is loosened by going down to the ground too soon after the operation, it will cause the stability of the lumbar vertebrae to be destroyed and stimulate the lumbar vertebrae and the surrounding soft tissues, which will lead to pain, and the operation should be carried out as soon as possible to re-fix the internal fixation. 3. Neighboring disc herniation: The discs adjacent to the top and bottom of the lumbar spine fusion usually have a larger load and are prone to disc herniation, resulting in local pain. In this case, we should pay attention to rest, avoid bending activities, and when the pain is obvious, we can take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as diclofenac sodium), nutritive nerve medication (such as methylcobalamin), and also strengthen the lumbar and back muscle training for treatment. Lumbar spinal fusion one year after the pain may also be related to other reasons, should be as early as possible to find out the cause of medical treatment, under the guidance of the doctor to carry out standardized treatment. In addition, the above drugs should be used under the guidance of a doctor.