The vertebral artery and sympathetic nerve are important components of the blood vessels and nerves in the human cervical region, with their own course and physiologic functions, respectively. The vertebral artery originates from the upper wall of the first segment of the subclavian artery, emanates and passes through the transverse foramen above the 6th cervical vertebra, curves medially behind the atlantoaxial side block, and passes through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone to enter the cranial cavity, and, at the lower edge of the cerebral pontine bridge, unites with the contralateral vertebral artery to form the basilar artery. The vertebral artery supplies the spinal cord and the posterior part of the basal surface of the cerebellum and the posterior lateral part of the medulla oblongata. The sympathetic nerves are part of the vegetative nervous system. Sympathetic neurons are located within the lateral horns of the thoracolumbar segments of the spinal cord, and their fibers emanate from the corresponding spinal segments to terminate in the paravertebral or prevertebral ganglia. The paravertebral ganglia unite into two sympathetic chains on either side of the spine. Together with the parasympathetic nerves, the sympathetic nerves innervate the functions of the internal organs of the human body, such as digestion, respiration, cardiovascular, urinary and reproductive organs.