High risk factors of liver cancer include viral hepatitis, aflatoxin, liver fibrosis, long-term exposure to chemical substances, schistosome and testicular schistosome infections. 1. Viral hepatitis: Hepatitis B virus infection is the main cause of liver disease in China. The DNA sequence of HBV virus can be reintegrated with the patient’s host cells, leading to activation of oncogenes and inactivation of oncogenes, which leads to the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. 2. Aflatoxin: Aflatoxin-contaminated food can lead to increased incidence of liver cancer when it is consumed. Aflatoxin B1, a product of aflatoxin metabolism in the human body, affects the expression of genes such as RAS and P53. 3. Liver fibrosis: Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis caused by viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and fatty liver are important risk factors for liver cancer. 4. Other factors: long-term exposure to chemicals such as vinyl chloride and phenol, schistosomiasis and Schistosoma oryzae infection in patients’ working life can also cause liver cancer.