Lumbar disc herniation fusion surgery, also known as spinal fusion, is a surgical treatment modality. Patients with severe spinal stenosis such as herniated or prolapsed discs or causing cauda equina syndrome can have two or more vertebrae joined or fused. If a laminar opening for decompression and nucleus pulposus removal is required, vertebral stability will be greatly compromised and most patients will undergo bone graft fusion surgery. Traditional lumbar intervertebral fusion surgery has a large surgical incision, extensive tissue exposure, longer operation time, more bleeding, intraoperative soft tissue damage that can easily lead to increased postoperative pain, and a greater risk of lumbar spine surgery failure syndrome. With the development of technology, intervertebral foramoscopic bone grafting and fusion has gradually matured in recent years, the surgical incision is less than 1 cm, and when pedicle screws and nail rods need to be implanted for fixation, only four small holes need to be opened at the upper and lower vertebrae where the nails are implanted. This procedure is better than open surgery, but the operation is more difficult to master and requires a higher level of doctoring.