The dietary requirements for diabetics are.
1. a high content of carbohydrates and fiber.
2. a low content of fat (especially saturated fat)
3. minimal addition of sugar and salt.
4, the interval between each meal should be basically equal.
5, the variety of food should be diversified.
6, it is advisable to eat more high dietary fiber foods, such as buckwheat, oats, beans and vegetables.
Diabetic patients should be under the guidance of diabetic doctors and dietitians, according to the specific circumstances of each person to develop a diet plan. Starchy foods (rice, noodles, groundnuts, potatoes, yams, etc.) should be used as staple foods. It is advisable to eat more vegetables, fruits and vegetables, and to eat less sugar, fats and animal fats in limited amounts, and to eat milk and dairy products, meat, poultry, eggs and nuts in appropriate amounts as needed. Generally speaking, carbohydrates account for 55-60% of total calories, proteins account for 15-20% and fats account for 25% of the diet of diabetic patients.
Diabetic patients’ dietary principles
1, control weight and control the amount of food.
Obesity is a harmful factor in diabetes, and excessive thinness means malnutrition, what kind of body shape is considered ideal? The following very simple formula can help us to self-monitor. Adjusting your diet and exercise can help you lose or gain weight, and this is best done under the guidance of your doctor. Portion control means that with the assistance of your doctor, a diet plan that provides adequate nutrition and reduces the burden on your pancreas will be developed based on your height, weight and activity level, and you should eat the prescribed portion sizes. Under normal circumstances, you should not add or subtract arbitrarily.
2. Try to keep the blood sugar curve smooth
In normal people, blood sugar is at a low value when they are hungry. After each meal, blood sugar will rise, and then the pancreas will secrete insulin to lower blood sugar. Due to the lack of insulin in the body of diabetic patients or insulin insensitive, blood sugar fluctuations before and after meals will be even greater, which is very unfavorable to diabetes, how can we avoid it? There are several measures as follows.
(1) Eat less and more meals, the same amount of portions, eat them all at once will be better than the effect.
(2) Use more food containing dietary fiber, because dietary fiber can slow down the absorption of food, delaying the rise of blood sugar, while lowering cholesterol and facilitating stools. Food rich in dietary fiber are: coarse grains, brown rice, red rice, vegetables, cereals, wheat bran, beans, etc.
3, avoid eating sweet food.
Diabetes diet
1, the staple food for diabetics is generally based on rice and noodles, but we prefer coarse grains, such as oats, cereals, cornmeal, etc., because these foods have more inorganic salts, vitamins, and rich in dietary fiber, dietary fiber has a hypoglycemic effect, which is beneficial to the control of blood sugar.
2, diabetic protein sources, soy and its soy products for good, on the one hand, the amount of protein contained in good quality; on the other hand, it does not contain cholesterol, has a lipid-lowering effect, so it can replace some animal foods, such as meat.
3, diabetic patients during the control of calories, but still feel hungry, can eat vegetables containing less sugar, boiled with water and mixed with some condiments to eat. Because vegetables contain more dietary fiber, water, low caloric energy, with satiety, is essential food for diabetics.
4, prohibited foods are: white sugar, red pond, glucose and sugar sweets, such as candy, pastry, jam, preserves, ice cream, sweet drinks, etc.. In addition, more carbohydrate-containing potatoes, yams, taro, lotus root, garlic, carrots, etc. Use sparingly or reduce the amount of the corresponding staple food after consumption.
5, rich in saturated fatty acids such as lard, butter, foreign oil, cream, butter, etc. used sparingly, preferably not. Available vegetable oil instead of some animal oil, peanuts, walnuts, sesame seeds, melon seeds contain quite a lot of fat, try not to eat or eat less or reduce oil intake.
6, egg yolk and animal offal such as liver, brain, waist, etc. contain cholesterol is quite high, should be used sparingly or not.
7, fruits contain glucose and fructose, which can raise blood sugar, so when blood and urine sugar control is relatively stable, fasting blood sugar <7.8mmol/L or 2 hours after meal blood sugar <10mmol/L, can be eaten at two meals or before bedtime, but also to reduce the corresponding staple food.
8, alcohol, mainly containing alcohol, high heat production, while the content of other nutrients is very little, so it is appropriate not to drink.
9, diabetic diet in addition to control the total calorie, should also do food diversity, but because of the restriction of sugar, salt, so that the dishes taste more single. For this, the market produced a variety of sweeteners such as stevia, sweet sugar, which does not produce heat, does not contain any nutrients, the last two years there is a sweetener for the protein sugar, which has amino acid composition, also does not produce heat, without any side effects, is currently more ideal sweetener, such as Newt sugar, Yuan Zhen sugar.
10, for insulin-dependent patients, the same need to strictly implement dietary control under the guidance of doctors and dietitians, for obese combined with hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes patients, in addition to stricter dietary control, avoid eating animal offal, egg yolk, fish roe, etc., strict control of animal oils such as butter, lard, butter, etc., which saturated fatty acids are not conducive to the prevention of atherosclerosis.
11, for the combined renal insufficiency of diabetic patients, in addition to control the total calories, should pay attention to less salt, no salt or less sodium and protein intake according to the condition, protein supply should not be too high, and avoid soy products, for uremia should be low protein diet, protein in about 30 grams per day, staple food to replace the rice, noodles, protein supply preferred high-quality protein, such as milk, eggs, lean meat, etc..