Compared to penetrating corneal transplantation, endothelial transplantation ensures the original curvature of the cornea, less invasive surgery and faster post-operative recovery, while the risks of surgery and the incidence of post-operative rejection are greatly reduced. With so many advantages of transplantation, which patients are the beneficiaries? Corneal endothelial transplantation, as the name implies, can only be chosen by patients who simply have problems with endothelial cells. Common diseases include congenital endothelial dystrophy, viral infections (only endothelial cells are infected), etc. At present, more patients who do endothelial transplantation in China are those who have a decreased number of endothelial cells after intraocular surgery, such as cataract and glaucoma surgery. Such patients originally have a small number of endothelial cells, and even before surgery, they are at the edge of loss of compensation (what is loss of compensation), and after surgery, inflammation and postoperative stimulation of high intraocular pressure, it is easy to have loss of compensation of endothelial cells, resulting in corneal edema and other lesions. It is worth noting that some patients with corneal edema. Some doctors are unaware that there are corneal endothelial transplants and patients are afraid of penetrating corneal transplants, so they buy some high osmolarity eye drops privately from outside. These eye drops allow the fluid outside the eye to be more concentrated than the cornea, drawing out the excess water from the cornea. Although this practice can keep the cornea clear for a period of time, the abnormal state of the cornea for a long time can stimulate gradual fibrosis of the stroma, causing the cornea to no longer be clear. The timing of endothelial transplantation surgery is missed, and at this point, endothelial transplantation loses its meaning because the first few layers are already opaque, and even if the endothelial layers are replaced, they are still not clearly visible after surgery and often require penetrating corneal transplantation. Therefore, in general, patients with corneal endothelial lesions, if the epithelial layer and stromal layer in front of the cornea are still transparent, they should have corneal endothelial transplantation as early as possible to avoid missing the opportunity.