When the cornea is infected, traumatized, or has congenital diseases (such as cone cornea, corneal degeneration and corneal dystrophy), it can affect the regular passage of light through the cornea to the fundus and cause blindness. For this group of patients, we can only restore their sight through corneal transplantation. The basic process of corneal transplantation is to replace the cloudy or diseased corneal tissue with healthy, clear corneal tissue to restore the patient’s sight. The goal of the corneal transplant surgeon is to remove the diseased corneal tissue regularly and then suture a perfectly matched clear cornea to minimize post-surgical astigmatism and to achieve good optical results and ideal vision after surgery. The traditional surgical method of corneal transplantation is usually performed manually, and the implant and implant bed made during the surgery cannot achieve a perfect fit, and the post-surgical astigmatism that occurs after surgery can significantly affect the recovery of vision if it is large. Therefore, ophthalmologists are constantly improving the corneal extraction method to improve the post-surgical results. Femtosecond lasers are the shortest pulses currently available to mankind under laboratory conditions and have a promising future in medicine, ultra-fine microfabrication, and high-density information storage and recording. With the development of femtosecond laser and computer technology, it has made the femtosecond laser available for medical applications. At present, our hospital has adopted femtosecond laser-assisted corneal transplantation surgery, which has enabled corneal transplantation surgery to cross over from the manual era to the computerized precision cutting era, with significantly lower astigmatism and better vision recovery after surgery. The surgery is suitable for people with conical cornea, corneal dystrophy, corneal degeneration, corneal leukoplakia, etc.