Headaches and nosebleeds in children are mostly caused by acute upper respiratory tract infections, other febrile, and acute infectious diseases. Acute upper respiratory tract infections, referred to as colds, can cause headaches, fever, nosebleeds and other symptoms, and are the main cause of nosebleeds in children. Acute upper respiratory tract infection or other febrile diseases can cause the capillaries of the nasal mucosa to dilate and the capillary walls of the nasal mucosa to become more brittle, resulting in the rupture of the capillary walls of the nasal mucosa due to very minor injuries that normally do not cause bleeding, resulting in nosebleeds. In addition to acute upper respiratory tract infections or febrile diseases causing nosebleeds, other systemic diseases, such as hematologic diseases and intracranial occupying lesions, need to be excluded. The specific situation needs to be examined in the pediatric otorhinolaryngology department before the initial clear diagnosis can be made.