mRNA is the full name of the messenger ribonucleic acid and inactivated vaccines are two different vaccine preparation programs, the main differences are described in detail as follows: 1. mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid, that is, messenger RNA): it is a class of single-stranded ribonucleic acid that is transcribed from a strand of DNA as a template and carries genetic information that can guide protein synthesis. The program of vaccine preparation through mRNA is called mRNA, the technology is currently the world’s most technologically advanced vaccine preparation program. 2. Inactivated vaccines: Inactivated vaccines are viruses or bacteria that are first cultured and then inactivated by heat or chemicals. Inactivated vaccines can be composed of either whole viruses or bacteria or their lysed fragments as lysed vaccines. Inactivated vaccines are the more traditional vaccine preparation option, with long development cycles and relatively high costs, whereas mRNA vaccines have rapid development cycles and lower costs. In addition, traditional inactivated vaccines are slow to produce, and mRNA vaccines can be produced several times faster than traditional vaccines.