The incidence of infant eczema is currently increasing year by year in China and worldwide, causing great disturbance to the normal life of affected children and parents. Therefore, it is necessary to popularize the general knowledge of infant eczema.
Etiology.
The causes of eczema are complex. Most people have a family history of allergies caused by internal causes, plus external causes such as intolerance or allergy to ingested substances, inhalants or contacts. In children under one year of age, the main cause is food and is associated with spleen and stomach insufficiency.
Clinical manifestations.
Eczema manifests itself in three phases: acute, subacute, and chronic, and is prone to recurrence. The initial damage is erythema based on the appearance of dense corn-sized papules, papules or blisters, blisters break after the formation of vesicular surface, there is a plasma exudate, crust, heavy cases can occur a large area of erythema, which is a group of papules, papules, blisters, vesicular exudate, the surface has a thick crust, can also be extended to the entire head and face or head and neck. The lesion is surrounded by erythematous papules, papules, blisters, and itching. If rubbed, vesicles and crusts may occur, with pus oozing from under the crusts and small pustules at the edges, local lymph node enlargement, and pressure pain. Parallel linear erythema, papules and blisters due to scratching may also be present in nearby or distant areas.
Examination.
Allergens can be examined.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis can be made based on typical history, clinical manifestations and laboratory tests.
Treatment.
1.Remove the cause of the disease
Parents should pay close attention to the easily induced internal and external factors, and try to find the possible causative factors to remove, actively cooperate with the treatment, and keep the skin clean.
2, external treatment
Topical medication can be selected according to the performance of different rashes.
3.Hormone therapy
For acute generalized eruption and for those who are not effective in multiple treatments, short-term use of corticosteroids, such as prednisone oral, can be considered.
Prevention.
1.Find and remove the cause of the onset
2.Feeding and diet
(1) Breastfeeding can reduce the extent of eczema. Protein-based complementary foods should be added later, and it is recommended to add them one by one, such as eggs (it is recommended not to eat egg whites first), fish, shrimp, generally children from 4 months gradually added, and children with eczema, it is recommended to add 1 to 2 months later. Children’s diet is as fresh as possible, avoid allowing children to eat processed foods containing gas, coloring, preservatives or stabilizers, puffing agents, etc.
(2) If a certain food has been found to develop eczema due to consumption, try to avoid eating these foods again.
(3) Children with cow’s milk allergy can be fed with soy milk and goat milk instead of cow’s milk.
(4) Children who are allergic to eggs can eat egg yolk alone.
(5) Artificially fed children with eczema can boil milk for a few minutes to reduce allergenicity.
(6) Children’s food to a light diet is good, should be less salt, so as not to accumulate too much fluid in the body and prone to eczema.
3. Clothing
The intimate clothing as far as possible to use cotton materials, clothing should be more loose, light and soft. Daily life care to avoid overheating and sweating. And let the child avoid contact with feathers, animal hair, pollen, chemical fiber and other allergic substances.
4.Bathing and skin care
Bathing with warm water is best. Skin cream should be used twice a day externally.
5.Environment
Room temperature should not be too high, otherwise it will make the itchy eczema worse. The environment should minimize allergens to reduce allergic reactions caused by irritation. Try to be outdoors as much as possible and increase sunbathing time.
6. Keep your child’s bowels open, you can allow appropriate intestinal probiotics according to the situation, you can also carry out scientific massage and other improvements in gastrointestinal function, and ensure adequate sleep.
If your child is troubled by the disease of eczema, it is recommended to come to the hospital for proper treatment, rather than going to relatives and friends to ask for prescriptions that lead to serious adverse consequences.