Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy include infection, inflammation, toxicity, metabolic abnormalities, endocrine causes, and genetics. Avoid thiazolidinediones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, COX-2 inhibitors, diltiazem, and verapamil in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy include infections, such as coxsackievirus, inflammation, such as allergic myocarditis, intoxication, such as alcoholism, chemotherapeutic drugs, metabolic abnormalities, such as vitamin deficiencies, endocrine causes, such as pheochromocytoma, heredity, and other causes, such as perinatal cardiomyopathy.
Thiazolidinediones may exacerbate heart failure, such as pioglitazone, NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors may cause water and sodium retention. Such as aspirin, etc., diltiazem and verapamil have negative inotropic effects, these drugs should be avoided, in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor II antagonists and salicorticosteroid receptor antagonists should not be combined, such as captopril, valsartan, spironolactone and so on.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is mainly treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor II antagonists, β-receptor antagonists such as metoprolol, hydrocorticoid receptor antagonists such as spironolactone, isosorbide dinitrate, ivabradine, angiotensin receptor enkephalinase inhibitors, diuretics such as furosemide, digitalis, e.g., cediran, and anticoagulant agents such as rivastigmine.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy, left ventricular assist device therapy, and heart transplantation in case of refractory heart failure may also be used.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is recommended to be treated as soon as possible in a regular hospital.