OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
Respiratory tuberculosis is an infection of the respiratory tract caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and includes tuberculosis of the nose, epiglottis, wait, pharynx, and lungs. Almost all upper respiratory tract tuberculosis is a complication of tuberculosis of the lungs, and laryngeal tuberculosis frequently involves the epiglottis and can also affect the pharynx.
Whether medical insurance
yes
Department
Respiratory Medicine, Infection
Clinical symptoms
Low-grade fever, night sweats, cough and sputum symptoms, also weight loss, earache, painful swallowing, and in severe cases, ulcers on the tongue.
Harmful effects
May lead to systemic tuberculosis.
Complications
Renal tuberculosis, joint tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis, intestinal tuberculosis, etc.
Examination
Blood routine, urine routine, skin tuberculin test, γ-interferon release test, sputum smear examination, X-ray film, CT, magnetic resonance, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made by combining the results of skin tuberculin test, γ-interferon release test, sputum smear examination, X-ray film, CT, etc. with the manifestations of low-grade fever, night sweats, and fatigue.
Treatment principle
Early, combined, appropriate amount, regular and full use of sensitive anti-tuberculosis drug treatment, for drug treatment failure or life-threatening unilateral tuberculosis, especially limited lesions can be surgical treatment. Symptomatic treatment.
Curability
Early diagnosis and timely standardized treatment are mostly curable. Patients with immunodeficiency are difficult to cure.
Dietary advice
It is advisable to eat high-calorie, high-protein, vitamin-rich, easy-to-digest food, avoid spicy and stimulating food; avoid smoking and alcohol.
Causes
Etiology
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Transmission pathway
Open tuberculosis patients is the exhaustion of bacteria is combined with the main source of tuberculosis transmission, mainly through droplets through the respiratory tract.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
1. As laryngeal tuberculosis often occurs in severe cases of tuberculosis, there may be symptoms of coughing and spitting for a long time, and there may also be weight loss. Hoarseness, earache, and painful swallowing usually mean involvement of the epiglottis, and the pain can be severe. In severe cases, the tongue may also have ulcers.2. The onset of the disease may be rapid or slow, mostly characterized by low-grade fever (more prominent in the afternoon), night sweats, malaise, loss of appetite, lethargy, and menstrual disorders in females; respiratory symptoms include coughing, coughing up sputum, hemoptysis, chest pain, and varying degrees of chest tightness or dyspnea.
Diagnostic basis
1. history of contact with suspected tuberculosis patients; 2. symptoms such as low-grade fever (prominent in the afternoon), night sweats, fatigue, loss of appetite, emaciation, and menstrual disorders in women; 3. hoarseness, earache, swallowing pain, cough, sputum, hemoptysis, chest pain, chest tightness of varying degrees, or dyspnea; 4. sputum smears with positive antic acid staining have diagnostic significance, and the results of X-rays and CT examinations can be used to assist in the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Early, combined, appropriate amount, regular and full use of sensitive anti-tuberculosis drugs, for drug treatment failure or life-threatening unilateral tuberculosis, especially limited lesions can be treated surgically. Symptomatic treatment.
Drug therapy
Quinolones, such as levofloxacin, moxifloxacin.
Radiochemotherapy
Combination of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, etc.
Surgery
Surgery is indicated for unilateral tuberculosis that fails drug therapy or is life-threatening, especially for limited lesions.
Prognosis
Patients diagnosed at an early stage are mostly cured with regular anti-tuberculosis treatment. With the increase of drug-resistant TB AIDS and other immunocompromised diseases, treatment becomes more difficult. In patients with active TB who have not responded to multiple treatments, the TB bacilli may spread through the airways to involve more lobes of the lung segments and may be easily combined with other lung infections. Uncontrolled hemoptysis is a common cause of death in patients with TB.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Pay attention to rest and improve one’s immunity. 2. Prevent colds and flu. 3.
Diet
1. Eat high-calorie, high-protein, vitamin-rich food. 2. Avoid spicy and stimulating food. 3. Eat more vegetables and fruits. 4.