Theory and Application of Cough and Asthma Patch Treatment
I. Concept and historical origin
Cough and asthma belong to the category of chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease and other lung disorders in modern medicine. It occurs mostly in winter and spring, when the climate is cold or changing, and is prone to recurrent attacks and is difficult to cure.
It is a kind of external treatment method. As early as in the Qin and Han dynasties, there were records on the external treatment method of asthma, and the external treatment method of asthma has been developed since then. Until the Qing Dynasty “Zhang’s Medical General” recorded that cold asthma moxibustion lung Yu, plastered heart, Tiantu. There should not be, in the summer three volts, with white mustard seeds coated method, often get results.
The recipe uses white mustard seed net end one or two, Yanhu one or two, Gansui, Hosin half a tael each, a total of fine powder, into the musk half a penny. Pestle and pestle the ginger juice and apply it to the points of Lung Yu, Ancient Heart and Bai Lao. After that, we add and subtract on the basis of the evidence, and mostly combine with aromatic drugs such as ice chips, musk, pepper, ginger and so on. The treatment is done once a year in the early, middle and last 3 days of summer, and it is a course of treatment for 3 years.
Second, theoretical basis
The origin of the external treatment method is much earlier than the internal treatment method, among which the most used is the compress method. In the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine, it is written that “the heart of cinnamon burns wine to iron cold paralysis, and white wine and cinnamon are applied to the blood vessels in the wind”, that is, the external application of ointment was started. In the Book of the Later Han Dynasty (Hou Han Shu), Hua Tuo (Hua Tuo) “applied a divine ointment, which healed in four or five days, and all recovered within a month”. In the book of “The Encyclopedia of the Boiling of the Lee”, the external treatment methods before the Qing Dynasty were summarized, and more than 100 kinds of external treatment methods were proposed, such as plastering, coating, washing and ironing.
The Qing dynasty famous doctor Xu Yixi said: “the ointment used today, the ancients called thin paste, its use is roughly two: one to treat the surface, one to treat the inside. The treatment of the surface, the treatment of the inside, or to expel wind and cold, or eliminate phlegm and gangrene, or strengthen the bones and muscles, the formula is very much, the medicine to add or subtract with the disease, the medicine is easy to thick and long paste.” “The use of ointment of the, occlusion of its gas, is to be from the pores and into its couples, through the meridians and through the channels, or lifting out of the, or attack and dispersion, compared with taking drugs especially powerful, this is the most wonderful method also.” The consistency of internal and external treatment is clarified.
Winter illness and summer treatment is a very characteristic treatment method in Chinese traditional medicine, that is, for winter illnesses and cold-prone illnesses that are caused by Yang deficiency and Yin cold, the treatment methods of Chinese medicine are applied during the three volt days or the summer solstice and autumn equinox to achieve the purpose of strengthening the root. Modern medicine and science and technology also confirm that this treatment method can significantly improve the symptoms of certain chronic diseases, reduce the number of winter illnesses, and make the disease healed.
According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, climate change in nature affects the physiological functions of the human body, and even when the human body is in a pathological state, it is also affected by the changes in nature, which is the theory that heaven corresponds to man, according to this theory ancient doctors put forward the doctrine of “nourishing yang in spring and summer, and nourishing yin in autumn and winter”. The human body is under the control of the annual rhythm of yang energy changes formed by the long-term correspondence with nature. Therefore, even though the yang deficiency is not enough in all seasons, the yang energy of the human body is at the peak of the annual rhythm due to the influence of the exuberant yang energy of nature in summer, and the deficient yang energy has the tendency to move and tend to improve, so the cold Qi in the body can be easily removed.
On the one hand, with the help of summer yang energy, the body’s yang energy has a tendency to flourish, the body’s cold gas is easy to solve the state, the Yang deficiency with deficiency help Yang medicine or yin and cold in the use of warming drugs to dispel cold, in order to achieve the purpose of helping Yang to dispel cold; on the other hand, you can reserve Yang energy for the autumn and winter, in winter, Yang energy is sufficient, the Yin essence to collect and not out of the diarrhea, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting Yin and Yang, improve the ability to resist disease.
Third, the modern medical understanding of the theory and treatment of winter diseases and summer
In addition to the significant local effect, the drug can also enter the systemic blood circulation through the skin, and the skin interlayer has a storage effect, so that the drug concentration curve is gentle, avoiding the peak and valley phenomenon on the time-blood curve in oral or injectable administration, and without oral administration, thus avoiding the influence of digestive juices in the gastrointestinal tract and the first pass of the liver. It can fully exert the effect of drug without oral administration, thus avoiding the influence of factors such as gastrointestinal digestive fluid and liver first-pass effect.
Modern drug absorption mechanism research shows that: the water content of the stratum corneum and the relative humidity of the environment have a close relationship, drug dressing, so that the formation of a local sweat difficult to evaporate diffusion of the closed state, so that the water content of the stratum corneum from 5% to 10% to 50%, the stratum corneum by hydration, can be expanded into a porous state, easy to drug penetration, and general drug such as through the epidermis, are easy to be absorbed by the dermis. Most areas in China have a lot of rain in summer, the air humidity is relatively large, the change of skin microenvironment, conducive to drug absorption.
The combination of drug and thermal effects, the use of foaming drugs (such as white mustard), and the effect of aromatic drugs (musk, ice chips, etc.) can help promote the penetration of drugs from the skin.
Treatment with compress therapy can enhance the body’s cellular immune function, improve the body’s ability to clear immune complexes, reduce the inflammatory response, and regulate immune function. Acupressure can effectively increase the level of interferon in the patient’s body.
Fourth, the understanding of cough and asthma in Chinese medicine
1, etiology and pathogenesis: mainly focus on phlegm, stasis and deficiency, phlegm and stasis is an important pathological product of the disease process, and an important pathological factor leading to the occurrence and development of the disease, while deficiency is the internal cause of the disease, that is, “where evil comes together, its qi must be deficient”, “positive qi exists within, evil cannot dry “. The pathogenesis of cough and asthma is that external evil enters the ligaments, phlegm and dampness block the ligaments, and deficiency causes stasis, resulting in congestion of qi and poor blood flow, leading to “stasis evidence”, which runs through the pathogenesis and affects its occurrence and development, forming the pathogenetic characteristics of evil, phlegm and deficiency with stasis. The disease is characterized by phlegm and shortness of breath, and phlegm blocking qi stagnation, qi stagnation and blood stasis, phlegm and stasis intermingling and blocking the lung channels of the airways, which is the inevitable result of its pathological characteristics and leads to the disease being lingering and difficult to cure.
The disease is recurrent and persistent, resulting in the deficiency of lung, spleen, kidney, and heart, resulting in phlegm and qi stagnation and qi stagnation and blood stasis, so it is believed that phlegm blocking qi stagnation and blood stasis is the fundamental pathological factor. Whether the disease is acute or chronic, lack of vital energy always plays an important role, mostly due to dysfunction of the lung, spleen and kidney, deficiency of lung energy, lack of solidity of the body surface is susceptible to external sensation, which leads to recurrence of the old disease, and deficiency of the spleen and kidney yang is not transformed into water and dampness, which becomes phlegm and congests the lung. The main organs of the disease are the lung, spleen and kidney.
Based on the theory that “the lung is the reservoir of phlegm, the spleen is the source of phlegm production, and the kidney is the source of phlegm production,” coughing is predominant in the lung, coughing phlegm in the spleen, and wheezing in the kidney. The disease is characterized by symptoms of actuality but deficiency of origin, with symptoms in the lung, control in the spleen, and origin in the kidney. If the disease is located in the lung, it is mostly due to disharmony of the lung qi, loss of publicity and lowering, and coughing due to internal production of phlegm and dampness. If the disease is in the spleen, the phlegm obstructs the airway due to spleen deficiency and lack of transportation, the essence is not distributed, and the dampness gathers and generates phlegm. If the disease is in the kidney, it is because the cough and asthma do not heal for a long time, the lower damage and the kidney, the kidney qi does not transform, then the drinking evil reverses, phlegm coughs and asthma, the kidney does not receive qi, then the breathing is difficult.
2, Chinese medicine evidence type research: Chinese medicine identification typology, not yet uniform, mainly for the six perversions, eight programs, viscera identification. Cough and wheezing disease is located in the lung, “the lung is a delicate organ, vulnerable to external evil”, long involved in the spleen and kidney, according to this, the traditional treatment is often divided into five types: phlegm and dampness offending the lung, external cold and internal drinking, cold in the table, heat, lung and spleen deficiency, lung and kidney two deficiency.