Patients who need to be bedridden for a long time due to weakness or disease may cause many unfavorable factors, such as pressure sores, nosocomial infections, constipation, functional impairment, thrombosis, malnutrition, osteoporosis, etc. Therefore, it is very important to take care of patients who are bedridden for a long time. The following aspects of care need to be noted: 1. Psychological care Patients are bedridden for a long time, the prominent psychological performance is fear, anxiety, pessimism, loneliness, depression. On the one hand, they are afraid of family dislike, and on the other hand, they are worried about the prognosis and have obvious fear of death. Therefore, nurses are required to care for, love and respect patients, make diligent ward rounds, call patients kindly, take the initiative to talk to them, ask them about their condition, answer all questions, explain their condition patiently, take care of them meticulously, try to meet their reasonable requirements, dispel their worries, appease their emotions, encourage them to build up confidence and overcome the disease, in addition, nurses should also communicate with their families, so that they can In addition, nurses should communicate with their family members, so that they can make reasonable arrangements for their work and life, and take more time to visit the elderly in the hospital, so that they can feel the care and attention of everyone and receive treatment with a happy mood. 2, bed sores Skin care for long-term bedridden patients with reduced body function and resistance, skin nutrition and elasticity are reduced, and bed sores are very likely to occur. Specific practices: (1) turn and knock the patient’s back every 2-3 hours and observe the skin; (2) keep the skin clean, scrub the patient’s skin with warm water 1-2 times a day, and massage the bone protrusion with 50% saffron alcohol after scrubbing; (3) keep the bed unit clean, flat, and dry; (4) handle urine and stool in a timely manner; (5) pad the bone protrusion with a sponge pad, air ring, or bedsore pad where the muscle is thinly wrapped, air ring or bedsore pad. 3, constipation Long-term bedridden patients, defecation is not accustomed to, because of food fermentation gas production, and moaning swallowed gas, so that the intestinal tract expansion, abdominal distension is also more common, only to maintain optimism, appropriate to give anti-food such as hawthorn Chen Pi, honey, etc., but also abdominal massage or hot compresses, can relieve abdominal distension and constipation, etc.. 4, urinary stones Long-term bed rest can easily lead to salt crystal deposition, calcium salt stagnation in the kidney and urethra easy to form stones. Patients can be asked to drink more water, which is conducive to the discharge of tiny stones. A moderate amount of activity is conducive to urine discharge, which is less likely to form stones. Control infection and prevent alkaline urine. Eat less oxalic acid-containing food such as spinach, mao beans, etc., less animal offal, coffee, strong tea, etc. 5, high blood calcium, osteomalacia, osteoporosis Long-term bed rest can accelerate bone calcium absorption, on the one hand, accelerate osteoporosis, on the other hand, the blood calcium level rises, causing hypercalcemia, cardiac arrhythmia, abdominal pain, the formation of calcium in the joint slip precipitation, resulting in joint pain. Strengthen physical activity, enhance muscle and bone exercise. 6, urinary tract infection Long-term bed rest, due to mental factors and the elderly bladder gasification unfavorable, prostate hyperplasia and other reasons, often urinary retention, easy to cause urinary tract infection. Patients should be encouraged to drink more water to increase urination, and if necessary, drug urination, feasible abdominal massage or catheter insertion. 7, pneumonic pneumonia The elderly have reduced inspiratory function, reduced lung capacity, coupled with long-term bed rest, sputum accumulation, coughing difficulties, prone to pneumonic pneumonia. Encourage patients to do more deep whistling, or active chest press, tap on the back, and encourage coughing and sputum. 8, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism is mostly related to arterial thrombosis of the lower limbs. Do more limb massage to promote blood circulation, and give drug treatment if necessary. 9, cardiovascular disease Long-term bed rest, slow blood flow, heart ischemia, hypoxia aggravated, causing heart conduction and autonomic changes, easy to cause a heart attack. It is necessary to give low salt and low fat diet, encourage patients to move their limbs properly and control their weight. 10, oral diseases For bedridden patients with serious illnesses, good oral care through rinsing, scrubbing teeth can keep the mouth clean, moist, prevent oral ulcers and infections and other complications; it can also prevent bad breath and mouth scale, which is conducive to promoting appetite; at the same time, through care of the mouth, changes in the mouth can be observed and timely detection of ulcers, bad breath or infection. 11. Muscle atrophy Muscle atrophy caused by systemic nutritional disorders, wasting, endocrine abnormalities and muscle degeneration, muscle structure abnormalities and other causes. 12. Malnutrition Long-term bedridden patients with reduced digestive and absorption functions are highly susceptible to malnutrition, and malnutrition increases the chances of developing other complications. Therefore, a reasonable diet, is particularly important. Its dietary principles are: meals should be fragrant, good quality, less quantity, more vegetables, food should be mixed, meals should be soft, fruits should be eaten, diet should be wet. And can be self-massage, the specific method is: first lying down, abdominal luck, thoughts focused on the umbilicus, calm whistling for 3 minutes, and then overlap hands, the right hand on the next, even force, from the right lower abdomen to start around the umbilicus clockwise pushing abdomen. 13, functional impairment (1) prevention of foot drop; foot drop, also known as drooping foot deformity, is very easy to form in people with lower limb paralysis. The foot should be supported, such as using a foot plate support, pillow, etc., so that the foot is at a right angle to the leg and kept in a dorsiflexed position to prevent Achilles tendon contracture. When keeping the foot warm in winter, the pressure of the quilt on the foot should be noted. Use a brace or clean cardboard box to support the quilt to avoid compressing the back of the foot, and instruct and help the patient to exercise the ankle joint to avoid muscle atrophy and joint stiffness. (2) Prevention of knee deformity: Putting cushions under the knee joint can prevent knee swelling and joint hyperextension (knee counterinflation) for not too long. Several times a day to prevent knee flexion contracture. (3) The hemiplegic patient lies on the healthy side: the upper limb of the affected side is inwardly folded and a mat is placed under the chest and elbow; the lower limb of the affected side is flexed and a mat is placed under the leg and a pillow is placed behind the back to prevent trunk spasm. (4) Hemiplegic patients lying on the affected side: the upper limb on the affected side is extended, the upper limb on the healthy side is flexed on the chest, the lower limb on the affected side is flexed, and a mat is placed under the foot. (5) Exercise: Live without keeping the muscles in a state of prolonged inhibition, and set the joint exercise program according to the patient’s condition. Passive exercise: when the patient can not perform active exercise, the exercise of passive operation in bed Method: each joint (upper limb: shoulder, elbow, wrist, finger joints) in each direction (front, back, left, right, up, down) the order of activity has a large joint to small joints; movement amplitude (flexion, extension, rotation) from small to large, time, each joint direction movement 3 ~ 5 times, 1 ~ 2 times a day, the speed should be slow, gentle techniques, and Gradually with massage at the same time. Active exercise: in the case of the condition allows, the parts that do not restrict movement should be kept active and exercise. Because activity can promote blood circulation, is the basic factor to maintain the physiological function of the articular cartilage surface, is an effective way to prevent degenerative changes in the joint surface. Exercise content: upper and lower limb joints; according to the physiological range of activity, encourage the patient to actively move, do bed exercises, hand joints; make a fist and fully extend the fingers, foot joints, ankle force dorsiflexion, toe extension activities. And often maintain the fine hand movements and training, such as writing, eating with chopsticks and other movements.