Lung cancer is one of the most threatening malignant tumors to the health and life of the population, with the highest incidence and mortality rate among all kinds of cancers. Lung cancer treatment is mainly based on multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Surgery is the preferred and important treatment modality for lung cancer. Radical surgical resection is suitable for patients with non-small cell lung cancer without lymph nodes and distant metastases. If small cell lung cancer with chest or distant metastasis is already present, surgical treatment is generally not recommended. Depending on the condition, lobectomy and lymph node dissection may be considered. Along with surgical treatment, preoperative radiotherapy or postoperative radiotherapy is required as needed. Drug therapy includes chemotherapy and targeted therapy, which are suitable for patients with advanced lung cancer and patients with recurrence. Commonly used drugs for chemotherapy include platinum (cisplatin, carboplatin), gemcitabine, pemetrexed, paclitaxel (paclitaxel, docetaxel), vincristine and hippurate analogs (irinotecan). Currently, a two-drug combination containing platinum is recommended for first-line chemotherapy, while docetaxel or pemetrexed monotherapy is recommended for second-line chemotherapy. The efficacy is usually evaluated after 2 cycles of treatment. Targeted therapy is the use of molecularly targeted drugs to specifically block the biological function of the tumor target to inhibit tumor growth or even cause tumor regression at the molecular level. Currently, targeted therapy is mainly applied to patients with adenocarcinoma of non-small cell lung cancer. The main drugs are gefitinib, afatinib, oseltinib, etc. Radiotherapy is mainly combined with chemotherapy to treat lung cancer, and other methods include bronchial artery infusion chemotherapy, transbronchoscopic intervention and Chinese medicine treatment.