A woman with any degree of abnormal glucose tolerance initially detected during pregnancy is considered to have gestational diabetes whether or not she requires treatment with insulin or diet alone, and whether or not this condition persists after delivery. This does not include patients with known diabetes before pregnancy, which is referred to as combined diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes is a specific type of diabetes mellitus and a fallback state of type 2 diabetes. Data from clinical data show that about 2-3% of women develop diabetes during pregnancy, mostly in the middle and late stages of pregnancy, and most often in obese and older women. With the improvement of people’s living standard, the change of life concept, the postponement of childbirth age and the rejuvenation of type 2 diabetes, the incidence of gestational diabetes is gradually increasing, which seriously affects the health quality of our population. It is currently believed that the etiology of gestational diabetes is mainly due to the hormones secreted by the placenta during pregnancy that have an antagonistic effect on insulin, leading to abnormal glucose tolerance and the development of diabetes, and susceptibility factors related to obesity and genetic factors. The methods and criteria for screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes are not uniform internationally, but the 75g or 100g glucose tolerance test is commonly used in clinical practice. The chance of preterm delivery, low birth weight, obstructed labor, giant babies, and congenital malformations are significantly higher in patients with gestational diabetes than in the fetuses of pregnant women without diabetes. Therefore, timely screening should be performed to reduce the disadvantages to the pregnant woman and the fetus. Since the peak of placental secretion of antagonistic insulin hormone occurs at 24-28 weeks of gestation, glucose tolerance test and blood glucose screening should be performed during this period, and blood glucose screening should be performed for those who are older than 25 years of age, those who are younger than 25 years of age but are obese, those who have a family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives, those who have a history of delivery of a huge fetus, and those who have a history of excessive amniotic fluid. Dietary control is the basis for the treatment of gestational diabetes. The diet of gestational diabetes patients must pay more attention to the caloric intake to avoid excessive calories that raise blood sugar and affect the fetus, and to take care of the nutritional needs of the fetus so that the fetus can develop normally, as well as to avoid overly strict control of calories that may cause starvation ketosis, avoid the intake of sweets and high oil foods, and increase dietary fiber, so the diet should be reasonably arranged under the guidance of the doctor. Exercise is advisable to start from the second trimester, the amount should not be too large and the duration of each exercise should not exceed 15 minutes. All oral hypoglycemic drugs are prohibited during pregnancy because they can pass through the placenta and may have teratogenic effects. Insulin treatment should be chosen, preferably with human insulin, to avoid the production of animal insulin-binding antibodies, thus avoiding the adverse effects on the fetus. In order to ensure the safety of mother and child and reduce the risk of delivery, pregnant women have stricter glycemic control requirements than general diabetic patients, generally fasting blood sugar below 5.6 mmoL/L and postprandial blood sugar below 6.7 mmoL/L. A part of gestational diabetes patients can return to normal blood glucose after delivery, but the risk of developing diabetes later increases, so a 75g oral glucose tolerance test review is needed 6 weeks after delivery to reconfirm the diagnosis according to the conventional diagnostic criteria. Current surveys show that 60-70% of gestational diabetic patients eventually develop type 2 diabetes after delivery, especially obese individuals, who are at high risk of developing diabetes 5-10 years after delivery. Those with normal screening should also be examined every 3 years for early detection and early diagnosis and treatment.