Hemoglobin electrophoresis is mainly used for screening and diagnosis of thalassemia. The results and normal values that can be detected by electrophoresis are 95% for HbA, 1.1% to 3.2% for HbA2, and 2% to 3% for HbA3. Their elevation and decrease have different clinical significance. Elevated HbA can be seen in megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B₁₂ or folic acid deficiency, and in some light forms of dysglobinopoietic anemias.Decreased HbA: seen in iron deficiency anemia.Elevated HbF: seen in pure B dysglobinopoietic anemia, heterozygous B dysglobinopoietic anemias, and in normal newborns. Hemoglobin electrophoresis is an important clinical tool for the diagnosis of hemoglobin-related diseases, and can be used to screen and classify thalassemia. Patients are advised to consult their physician for interpretation of the report.