OVERVIEW
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease caused by a variety of factors, characterized by an increase in the volume and number of fat cells in the body, resulting in an abnormally high percentage of body fat in body weight, and excessive fat deposition in certain localities. Patients with simple obesity have a relatively even distribution of fat throughout the body, no endocrine disorders, and no metabolic disorders, and their families often have a history of obesity.
Questions you may be concerned about
What is the meaning of simple obesity
Simple obesity refers to obesity caused by non-known organic diseases, also known as primary obesity. Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation and/or abnormal distribution of body fat, usually accompanied by weight gain.
Obesity is categorized as overweight and obesity according to the body mass index (BMI); a BMI greater than 24 kg/m2 is considered overweight; greater than 28 kg/m2 is considered obese.
Treatment of mild simple obesity does not require medication, but it is important to control the intake of sugar, fat and calories in the daily diet. If the degree of obesity is more serious, in the control of diet at the same time also need to cooperate with the exercise, if the occurrence of hyperlipidemia, can take lipid-lowering drugs.
Obese patients should go to the hospital in time to exclude secondary causes, under the guidance of the doctor reasonable diet exercise and treatment.
Causes
1. Genetic factors
Most of them are recognized as multi-factorial heredity, when parents’ physique is inherited to their children, it is not by a genetic factor, but by many genetic factors to determine the physique of the children, so it is called multi-factorial heredity, for example, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity belong to this kind of heredity. If one of the parents is obese, there is a 40% chance that the child will be obese, and if both parents are obese, the chance that the child will be obese will increase to 70% to 80%.
2. Social environment factors
Many people have the concept that can eat is good, today’s society, a wide variety of food, a variety of food often lure you, plus eat a meal almost become a common entertainment, which of course becomes the main cause of obesity.
3. Psychological factors
In order to lift the mood on the worry, emotional instability, many people also eat to vent. This is the cause of eating too much and lead to obesity.
4. Factors related to exercise
Exercise helps to consume fat, in daily life, with the development of transport, mechanization of work, reduce the amount of housework, etc., so that the human body to consume less calories, on the other hand, because the intake of energy is not reduced, and the formation of obesity. Fat leads to daily activities more and more slow, lethargy, and more again reduce the consumption of calories, leading to a vicious circle, contributing to the occurrence of obesity.
Symptoms
This kind of patient body fat distribution is relatively uniform, there is no endocrine disruption phenomenon, there is no metabolic disorders, their family often have a history of obesity.
Examination
Laboratory tests for obese patients are mainly to exclude secondary obesity secondary to other diseases and to check for obesity-related diseases. Cushing’s syndrome can be excluded by a cortisol rhythm combined with a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, and thyroid function tests can help to exclude hypothyroidism.MRI can help to detect obesity due to lesions of the hypothalamic feeding centers.A 3-hour glucose tolerance test can help to determine the status of glucose tolerance in obese patients, and lipids, liver and kidney function, gonadotropic axis function, respiratory and sleep monitoring, and cardiac function can be evaluated, Liver and vascular ultrasound helps to screen for complications associated with obese patients such as fatty liver, respiratory sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome and atherosclerosis.
Diagnosis
Currently, body mass index (BMI) is used for clinical evaluation: <18.5kg/m2 is considered underweight, 18.5-23.9kg/m2 is the normal range, ≥24kg/m2 is considered overweight, and ≥28kg/m2 is considered obese. However, it should be noted that some patients with increased BMI do not have increased fat, but increased muscle or other tissues.
Treatment
1. Appropriate reduction of dietary calories. Calorie intake is lower than calorie consumption, and body fat is gradually decomposed when negative balance is achieved, and body weight is gradually decreased.
2. Replace high-calorie foods with low-calorie foods, and replace fatty meats with poultry and lean meats. Replace sugary and oily snacks with eggs, milk and soy products. Chocolate, creamy ice cream and candies should not be eaten.
3. Increase vegetables, beans and soy products while reducing sugary, oily and high-calorie foods; stem vegetables such as celery, rape and cabbage; and melon vegetables such as winter squash and zucchini.
4. Prioritize the elimination of staple foods. Eating too much staple food and fat meat will cause simple obesity.
5. Gradually reduce the sugar, oil, nutritional value of the food, such as sweet snacks, fried snacks, western fast food, sweet drinks.
6. Supplement all kinds of vitamins. Do not eat while watching TV. Do not drink alcohol.
7. Aerobic exercise, such as walking, jogging, aerobics, dancing, cycling, swimming, jumping rope, climbing stairs, etc.
8. Establish a healthy lifestyle, reasonable nutrition, active exercise, adequate sleep, good at regulating psychological stress and maintaining stable emotions; no smoking, no drugs, no alcohol.