Leukopenia is one of the common adverse effects of chemotherapy. When leukopenia occurs, the patient’s resistance is low, and symptoms such as weakness and poor appetite occur, and infections are easily combined, which directly affect the patient’s health and subsequent anti-tumor treatment. There is no record of “leukopenia” in ancient Chinese medical texts, but according to its clinical manifestations, Chinese medicine believes that it belongs to the category of “deficiency labor” and “deficiency loss”. Chemotherapeutic drugs are all offensive and aggressive, which can easily damage the body’s vital energy and cause dysfunction or damage to the internal organs of the body. Injury to the spleen and stomach, spleen qi deficiency, health and transportation failure, so see less food, or even nausea and vomiting, abdominal fullness, loose stools; spleen deficiency water and grain can not be transformed, qi and blood biochemical lack of sources, the whole body loss of nourishment, so see dizziness, weakness, shortness of breath and lazy speech; kidney qi deficiency, so see the waist and knee weakness; kidney deficiency is the essence of blood biochemical root, can also appear weakness, dizziness and other blood deficiency symptoms. Therefore, leukopenia caused by chemotherapy drugs mostly belongs to the category of “deficiency of both spleen and kidney” and “deficiency of qi and blood” in Chinese medicine.