Optic neuritis is a general term that is divided into two categories, optic neuritis of the intraglobular segment and retrobulbar optic neuritis, depending on the site of the lesion.
Etiology of optic neuritis.
1, systemic infectious diseases: such as: meningitis, pneumonia, influenza, septicemia, mumps, tuberculosis, syphilis, etc.
2, diabetes, anemia, pregnancy lactation vitamin deficiency, tobacco, alcohol and drug intoxication.
3, spread of infection in adjacent tissues, such as: oral cavity, orbit, sinus inflammatory infection.
4, Optic neuromyelitis optica, demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Leber optic neuropathy may also manifest as optic neuritis.
5, About a considerable number of episodes, the exact cause of the disease can still not be identified, or only manifest as transient and mild cold symptoms.
Clinical manifestations.
1.Sharp loss of vision in one or both eyes, and complete blindness within a short period of time.
2, out of the start, there may be forehead or eye rotation when the tugging-like pain.
The pupils of both eyes are dilated and the direct or indirect light reflexes disappear in bilateral blindness; the pupil light reflexes are significantly weakened or blunted in severe visual impairment; monocular patients may have relative afferent pupillary disorders or Marcus Gunn pupils on the side with severe involvement.
4, fundus examination: early optic disc congestion, edema, blurred borders, augmentation is often 2-3 diopters; retinal veins slightly congested thickened, arterial changes are not large, the optic disc or retina can be seen in small pieces of punctate hemorrhage, inflammation affects to the macula can be seen edema radial folds or fan-shaped starburst exudate. After the late inflammation subsides, the optic disc appears pale white in color and the retinal arterioles become thin.
5.Visual field examination: there is often a central dark spot, paracentral dark spot, or centripetal narrowing, or even total blindness.
6. VEP examination: there is prolonged waveform latency or decreased waveform amplitude.
Treatment.
1.Etiology treatment.
2.Application of adrenocorticotropic hormone.
3, caused by infection, available antibiotics or with antiviral drugs.
4, neurotrophic drugs: such as B vitamins, creatinine, ATP, cytidylcholine, etc.
5.Vasodilators and drugs to improve blood circulation: such as thromboxane injection, compound salvia injection, toltrazurin, etc.
6.Chinese medicine treatment.