H7N9 simply means that the birds have transmitted the flu to people. Like love, there is nothing anyone can do about such a rhythm, and it will always come if you don’t pay attention to prevention. To prevent H7N9, the most important thing is to reduce exposure, do a good job of personal protection and develop good hygiene habits. I. What is the H7N9 outbreak? The H7N9 epidemic is caused by the H7N9 virus and has been a seasonal epidemic in winter and spring every year since the first human H7N9 cases were detected in East China in 2013. Second, what are the main clinical manifestations of H7N9 cases? The incubation period of H7N9 cases is usually within 7 days, but can also be as long as 10 days. Pneumonia is the main clinical manifestation. Patients often have fever, cough and sputum, which may be accompanied by headache, muscle aches, diarrhea or vomiting. Severely ill patients develop rapidly, most of them develop severe pneumonia in 3 to 7 days after the onset of the disease, with body temperature mostly persisting above 39℃ and respiratory distress, which may be accompanied by hemoptysis. The disease often progresses rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The early onset of H7N9 cases has no specific performance, early diagnosis and early treatment is difficult, the late severe cases are poorly treated and the morbidity and mortality rate is high, the overall morbidity and mortality rate of reported cases is around 40%. Third, the H7N9 virus through what means of transmission? The most important risk factor leading to human infection with the H7N9 virus is direct or indirect exposure to an environment contaminated by infected live birds or virulent birds. Currently, the vast majority of confirmed H7N9 cases in China have a history of exposure or contact with live poultry prior to onset, and the majority are exposed to farmers’ markets where live poultry are sold. There is no evidence that the H7N9 virus can be transmitted to humans through properly handled poultry or poultry eggs. In addition, eating cooked food is not associated with the H7N9 virus. Surveillance shows that although there are occasional localized clusters of cases (two to three cases each, none of which are renewed), there is no evidence yet that the H7N9 virus can be transmitted “from person to person” on a sustained basis. Fourth, who is at high risk of H7N9 virus infection? Surveillance shows that recently reported H7N9 cases, mainly retired people, domestic and non-working people, rural people; middle-aged and elderly people; most cases have underlying diseases; the majority of cases had contact with live poultry or to the market with live poultry sales before the onset of the disease; elderly people and people with underlying diseases, the likelihood of serious illness and death after the onset of infection is higher. In addition, people who are engaged in non-scale and non-standardized poultry farming, trafficking, and slaughtering are at higher risk of being infected because they have more opportunities to be exposed to toxic birds. V. Is there any vaccine that can prevent the disease? Can a seasonal flu vaccine prevent H7N9? There is no vaccine available to prevent H7N9 virus infection. The seasonal flu vaccine does not prevent H7N9 influenza, but getting the seasonal flu vaccine can help reduce the likelihood of serious complications and hospitalization due to seasonal flu. What can be done to reduce the number of severe H7N9 cases and deaths? Currently, antiviral and symptomatic treatment is mainly used for H7N9 cases. To reduce the occurrence of severe H7N9 cases and deaths, it is important to seek early diagnosis and treatment, especially the use of antiviral drugs, such as oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), which is most effective when used as early as possible after the onset of the disease. Therefore, it is recommended that during the high season and in high prevalence areas, if fever and respiratory symptoms occur, a mask should be worn and the patient should be seen by a regular health care provider as soon as possible, and the doctor should be informed of possible avian exposure prior to the onset of the disease, as well as avian environmental exposure, such as whether he or she has been to a live poultry market and what places he or she has traveled to recently. The medical staff integrates the clinical manifestations and suspected exposure history of the patient and suspects that he or she is infected with H7N9 virus and should use antiviral drugs as early as possible without waiting for the pathogenic test results to reduce the possibility of the patient progressing to severe illness. 7. Will the current epidemic become more serious? According to the past epidemic pattern, the number of incidences decreases significantly after the Spring Festival each year and is epidemic at a low level until late April. At present, the rising momentum of the epidemic has been curbed, and recently the key epidemic provinces have taken stricter control measures for live poultry markets and live poultry trading, which is believed to play a good role in controlling the further development of the epidemic. Eight, the current poultry can still eat it? Poultry is a good source of food protein for the human body and is inexpensive and good value. Chicken, duck and other poultry can certainly be bought and eaten, but must be eaten safely. 1, pay attention to try to avoid the direct purchase of live birds, direct contact with live birds and slaughter live birds on their own. To try to buy and eat chilled birds and their products with quarantine certificates. Especially in areas where the H7N9 outbreak has been found, do not go to buy live poultry. Scientific analysis proves that centrally slaughtered chilled and frozen poultry not only have the same nutritional value as live birds that are slaughtered now, but also greatly reduce the risk of contracting H7N9 and other diseases. 2, must not buy live birds from mobile vendors, and do not buy live birds from live poultry markets or mobile vendors mixed with their own home poultry. The survey found that recently in some areas that have closed live poultry markets in the main urban areas, there have been H7N9 cases in their suburban and rural areas, the vast majority of which are due to the purchase of live poultry from mobile vendors or mixing foreign birds with their own poultry after exposure to infection. 3. The elderly population should be reminded, especially those who originally had chronic lung disease, diabetes, coronary heart disease and other underlying diseases and poorer health, to avoid or reduce contact with live poultry as much as possible when purchasing poultry products, and not to go to or less often to environments with live poultry. Nine, the expert’s preventive control recommendations: 1, try to avoid contact with live poultry, let alone contact with sick and dead birds. Avoid unnecessary contact with live chickens, ducks and other birds, especially with sick or dead birds. Do not go to live bird markets or mobile stalls to buy live birds for consumption or to raise them at home. In areas where live bird trading is prohibited, mobile vendors found selling live birds should be reported promptly. 2, choose to buy cold, chilled poultry products. Poultry infected with the H7N9 virus does not, in general, manifest itself as morbidity or mortality. Therefore, a bird that looks healthy on the surface does not mean it is safe. Contact with live poultry or exposure to an environment with live poultry, especially if purchased in an area with an outbreak, will greatly increase the risk of infection with the H7N9 virus. Efforts should be made to change the habits of buying and consuming live poultry, choose regular supermarkets or farmers’ markets, and buy chilled and frozen poultry confirmed to be safe by the formal department of quarantine, which can greatly reduce the risk of H7N9 virus infection. 3, raw and cooked separately, cooked and cooked thoroughly. When cooking, make sure to separate the raw from the cooked. Chicken, duck and other poultry meat and its meat products and eggs must be cooked thoroughly before eating. 4, contact with live poultry to do a good job of personal protection. Engaged in poultry breeding, transportation, sales, slaughter and other industries in contact with poultry, to do a good job of personal protection (wearing gloves, masks, wearing work clothes), after contact with attention to disinfectant and water to thoroughly clean hands. Encourage the development of large-scale, standardized livestock and poultry breeding, strengthen biosecurity protection measures, strict management, to reduce the opportunity for H7N9 and other viruses to attack. Rural poultry and livestock rearing must be relatively isolated from the living environment, avoid mixing different livestock, and do not mix foreign birds with domestic birds. The discovery of sick and dead birds should be reported to animal health supervision agencies in a timely manner in order to properly handle. 5. Seek medical attention in a timely manner. If fever, headache, nasal congestion, cough, general discomfort and other symptoms, you should wear a mask, go to the hospital as soon as possible, and take the initiative to tell the doctor whether they have been in contact with poultry and their secretions, excretions, whether they have been to the live poultry market and other circumstances, so that doctors timely and accurate diagnosis and give targeted treatment. 6. Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Maintain good personal hygiene habits, wash your hands regularly, cover your mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, and do not drink raw water. Pay attention to proper ventilation in the living and living environment. Pay attention to diet and nutrition, ensure sufficient sleep, strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness and improve immunity.