There is a wide disparity in the reports of multiple lumbar disc herniations. Multiple lumbar disc herniation differs from single-segment lumbar disc herniation in age of onset, with the latter being seen mostly in young adults, whereas multiple lumbar disc herniation is seen mostly in middle-aged and elderly patients, with heavy and complex clinical symptoms. On general clinical examination, it is often difficult to be sure whether it is a single or multiple disc herniation, because both can show the same area of low back pain and sciatica regardless of single or multiple disc herniation, but multiple herniation is more likely in those with extensive neurosensory and motor impairment on examination. In addition, along with the involvement of multiple nerve roots, there is usually a predominant involvement of a particular nerve root. The X-ray shows different degrees of vertebral hyperplasia, plate thickening, narrowing of the intervertebral canal foramen, narrowing of the intervertebral disc space, hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum, calcification or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and other degenerative changes in the lumbar spine, etc. On CT examination, if two discs are predominantly herniated, most of their adjacent discs have bulging manifestations, and if three discs are herniated, almost all other discs have bulging manifestations. The most important feature of MRI in the diagnosis of multi-disc herniation is that it is possible to visualize the degree of degeneration of multi-discs and the extent of extrusion of the dural sac or nerve roots by the herniated or bulging discs. However, it is not as comprehensive as CT in observing the morphology of the spinal canal, articular synapse coalescence, nerve root canal stenosis, posterior longitudinal ligament calcification, and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy or calcification. “Decompression” and “stabilization” are the basic principles of treatment for multisegmental disc herniation. This type of lumbar disc surgery has a high failure rate because the removal of the herniated discs accelerates the degeneration of the less prominent discs and further aggravates the herniation, which is likely the reason for the poor surgical outcome or failure in this type of herniated disc. Treatment should maintain the stability of the spine as much as possible, while completely removing the herniated multisegmental disc and its corresponding pathological factors that trigger the symptoms. The most important feature of this procedure is to disrupt as few structural features of the posterior column as possible.