Breast cancer can bring panic to patients, and the loss of breast can bring physical and psychological worries to patients. Breast reconstruction is a blessing for breast cancer patients who have lost their breasts, allowing them to reshape their bodies and embrace a new life. Who needs breast reconstruction? Patients with total or partial mastectomy, no distant organ metastasis, good general condition, no serious cardiovascular disease, and able to tolerate surgery can all undergo breast reconstruction. What are the methods of breast reconstruction? Breast reconstruction is divided into immediate breast reconstruction (stage I breast reconstruction) and delayed breast reconstruction (stage II breast reconstruction) according to the timing of breast reconstruction. Immediate breast reconstruction means that breast reconstruction is performed at the same time as mastectomy. It has the following advantages: 1) mastectomy and reconstruction are completed in one time, reducing hospitalization time and cost; 2) patients do not experience the psychological barrier of losing a breast; 3) the shape of the reconstructed breast is better. It does not affect the subsequent treatment of breast cancer such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, etc., and does not increase the risk of local recurrence. Extended breast reconstruction can be performed six months to one year after mastectomy, i.e. after chemotherapy and radiotherapy are finished and the disease is monitored for stability. Breast reconstruction is divided into autologous tissue breast reconstruction, artificial prosthesis breast reconstruction and combined breast reconstruction of both according to the material used for breast reconstruction. Breast reconstruction with autologous tissue graft has long-lasting effect and realistic appearance. It has the following advantages: 1) it can make full use of the patient’s autologous tissues; 2) it can avoid a series of complications that may be caused by prosthesis; 3) it has good texture, easy to shape, good sagging, and can correct subclavian depression and deformity of anterior axillary wall; 4) it can not only tolerate postoperative radiation therapy, but also be used for patients who have received radiation therapy and had extensive resection due to recurrence; 5) autologous tissues with good blood (5) autologous tissue with good blood flow can promote the healing of bad wounds and ulcers. The advantages of TRAM flap include large amount of tissue, good blood flow, and the effect of abdominoplasty, which is especially suitable for middle-aged patients with an enlarged abdomen. The disadvantage is that some or one side of the rectus abdominis muscle is damaged. DIEP flap: only the skin and fat are removed during surgery, and the vascular tissues are separated from the rectus abdominis muscle. The greatest advantage is that the integrity of the rectus abdominis muscle and its anterior sheath are preserved, avoiding postoperative abdominal wall weakness and abdominal hernia, allowing patients to recover quickly after surgery and having good long-term results. Because of the simultaneous abdominoplasty effect, the DIEP flap has become the preferred method for autologous tissue graft breast reconstruction. Dorsalis muscle flap: With the thoracic dorsal vessels as the tip, it can form a myocutaneous flap or muscle flap and transfer to the chest with the tip forward, which is simple and easy. It is commonly used in the early stage to cover the wound after mastectomy for breast cancer. Due to its limited amount of tissue, it often needs to be combined with breast prosthesis. Gluteus maximus muscle flap: Gluteus maximus muscle flap has a concealed wound in the donor area and is suitable for patients who do not have enough abdominal tissue or do not want to leave a scar on the abdomen or back. The disadvantages are the need to change the patient’s position during surgery, the short vascular tip, and sometimes the need to perform a vein graft. When cutting the tip of the inferior gluteal artery vessel, care should be taken to protect the sciatic nerve. Supragluteal artery perforator flap and inferior gluteal artery perforator flap: Both supragluteal artery gluteus maximus muscle flap and inferior gluteal artery gluteus maximus muscle flap can be perfected as supragluteal artery perforator flap and inferior gluteal artery perforator flap. The vascular perforators are separated from the gluteus maximus muscle fibers to preserve the integrity of the gluteus maximus muscle and reduce complications in the donor area, and to increase the effective length of the vascular tip and facilitate vascular anastomosis. Broad fascial tensor fasciae flap: with the lateral vessels of the rotator femoris as the tips, this procedure requires strict indications and is undoubtedly a two-pronged approach for patients with flat abdomen and gluteus and bulging thighs on both sides.Rubens flap: with the deep vessels of the rotator chaumas as the tips of the chaumas flap. It is suitable for patients with flat abdomen and buttocks and full cha lumbar region. Artificial prostheses include silicone gel implants and soft tissue expanders. Permanent silicone gel breast implants can be inserted once or replaced with soft tissue expanders after regular expansion. It is suitable for patients with small reconstructed breast volume, good local soft tissue coverage, young and unwilling to sacrifice autologous tissue from other parts of the body. This is done by placing a silicone, silicone gel or saline filled implant under the skin flap or under the pectoralis major muscle after mastectomy. If, after mastectomy, the local tissue does not provide sufficient cavity to accommodate the desired size of implant, a skin expander may be placed first and then periodically injected with water after surgery, and when sufficient cavity is formed, the expander is surgically replaced with a breast implant again. The transfer method is divided into transfer with tip and free graft with anastomotic vessels. The advantage is that the blood supply is relatively stable and blood flow is not easily impaired, and the flap is easily viable. The advantages of free grafting with anastomotic vessels are relatively small damage to the donor area, no need to sacrifice a large amount of muscle, and unrestricted transfer distance; the disadvantage is that the operator needs to master the microscopic anastomosis technique and teamwork, and vascular crisis may occur to endanger flap blood flow and even cause flap necrosis, resulting in surgical failure.