Barium meal examination, i.e. barium contrast of the digestive tract, is a method to show whether there is any lesion in the digestive tract under X-ray by using barium sulfate as a contrast agent. Traditional X-ray barium meal contrast examination plays a very important role in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. However, with the development and progress of medical technology, many hospitals have gradually replaced barium meal examination with clinical gastroscopy, so how to choose between these two examinations for stomach examination? Barium meal examination can observe the size, shape, position, tension, peristalsis and other functional changes of the digestive tract, and can accurately simulate the pathophysiological process of patients’ feeding, admitting and eliminating. In addition, it is easy to operate, less painful to patients, anatomically localized, and has high spatial resolution. x-ray gastrointestinal fluoroscopy is an effective and practical method for determining gastrointestinal function, and there is no examination method that can completely replace barium meal for the observation of gastrointestinal function. However, its examination means also has limitations, and its lesion site is not a direct sign, but manifests as a niche shadow, filling defects and other signs. It cannot be biopsied and treated at the same time, and it is easy to miss the diagnosis of small mucosal lesions. Gastroscopy can directly observe the esophagus, stomach, duodenum bulb and bulb after the descending part of the mucosa, after the discovery of the lesion can be observed its color, size and shape and the surrounding mucous membrane state, the disease can be taken biopsy for pathological diagnosis. Endoscopy can be performed in acute gastrointestinal bleeding, vomiting blood, black stools can be performed emergency gastroscopy, and can be treated under the endoscopy at the same time, to improve the cure rate. However, it is not suitable for patients who are not able to cooperate well with the examination, and it is not suitable for patients with serious dysfunction of the heart, lungs, cranium and brain and other organs. Barium meal and gastroscopy have different strengths and weaknesses. By combining them with each other and establishing a scientific examination process, the diagnosis of diseases will be more accurate.