I. Common types of lumbar spondylosis The lumbar spine is located at the lower end of the crest, with high activity frequency and weight bearing, and is highly susceptible to degeneration due to various loads, strains and even trauma. After the age of about 20, the lumbar discs begin to degenerate gradually and become more pronounced with age, leading to a series of clinical symptoms. Therefore, lumbar spondylosis is a common and frequent disease in middle and old people. 1, lumbar disc herniation The intervertebral disc is a structure made of connective tissue, which is burdened with unique functions. The intervertebral disc tissue itself lacks blood supply and has very poor repair ability, coupled with the heavy load and many activities. Generally, after the age of 20, the intervertebral disc begins to degenerative changes, the toughness and elasticity of the fibrous ring are gradually decreasing. At this time, in case of trauma, especially cumulative strain injury, the lumbar intervertebral disc bulge trigger, bulging lumbar intervertebral disc compression of the nerve roots in the lumbar spinal canal and lead to the symptoms of lumbar pain. 2.Lumbar spinal stenosis Lumbar spinal stenosis refers to the clinical symptoms that occur when the lumbar spinal canal is narrowed in one or more places in one or more segments due to bony or fibrous structural changes for some reasons, resulting in compression of the cauda equina or nerve roots. Causes of lumbar spinal stenosis: There is mainly a distinction between congenital and acquired. The so-called congenital spinal stenosis refers to the congenital development of a narrower spinal canal, which is prone to cause symptoms in the presence of the same tissue degeneration and hyperplasia. Acquired factors are ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, vertebral osteophytes, small joint osteophytes, epidural adhesions, herniated lumbar discs due to degeneration and injury, and in some patients even accompanied by lumbar spondylolisthesis leading to lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Among them, those caused by hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum and lumbar disc herniation are the most common. Second, minimally invasive neurosurgical techniques for lumbar spondylosis On the basis of the traditional surgical methods for lumbar spondylosis, the Xuanwu Hospital Neurosurgery Crest Microinvasive Treatment Center introduces international advanced microinvasive techniques, applies the micro neurosurgical techniques to the treatment of lumbar spondylosis, and carries out small incision lumbar disc nucleus pulposus removal for lumbar disc herniation and small incision hemivertebral plate lumbar spinal canal decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis. The surgery is less traumatic, with precise efficacy, avoiding the destruction of the stability of the lumbar spine by traditional surgery, eliminating the need for internal fixation of the lumbar spine, reducing the patient’s treatment cost, and reducing the postoperative recovery, with patients generally being discharged to resume normal work in 3 days after surgery. The application of neurosurgical microscope during the operation greatly improves the efficacy and safety of cervical spine surgery.